Table 4.
Multivariable regression model showing associations of eGFR, serum cystatin C, and UACR with inflammatory markers
| Predictor | Outcome | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β (pg/ml) | IL-1RA (pg/ml) | IL-6 (pg/ml) | TNF-α (pg/ml) | TGF-β (ng/ml) | |||||||||
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) (n=3939) | −0.05 (-0.06, -0.04) | P<0.001 | −0.006 (−0.008, −0.003) | P<0.001 | −0.012 (−0.014, −0.01) | P<0.001 | −0.016 (−0.018, −0.015) | P<0.001 | 0.001 (−0.0007, 0.003) | P=0.20 | |||
| Serum cystatin C (mg/L) (n=3927) | 1.4 (1, 1.7) | P<0.001 | 0.19 (0.13, 0.25) | P<0.001 | 0.5 (0.45, 0.55) | P<0.001 | 0.5 (0.46, 0.54) | P<0.001 | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | P=0.43 | |||
| UACR (μg/100 mg) (n=3791)a | 0.009 (−0.003, 0.02) | P=0.15 | 0.0003 (−0.0018, 0.0023) | P=0.78 | 0.006 (0.004, 0.008) | P<0.001 | 0.006 (0.005, 0.008) | P<0.001 | 0.001 (−0.0005, 0.003) | P=0.17 | |||
Values are presented as 
(95% confidence interval). Multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension, ACE/ARB use, and lipid-lowering drug use. Outcome variables were log-transformed. P values <0.001 were significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Interpretation: 
is the percentage increase in the average value of the outcome variable with each unit increase in the predictor variable. As an example, for each unit increase in eGFR, there was a 5% decrease in the average value of IL-1β. eGFR, estimated GFR; UACR, urine albumin to creatinine ratio; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-1RA, IL-1 receptor antagonist.
UACR values were converted to μg/100 mg for use in regression analysis.