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. 2011 Aug;90(2):357–366. doi: 10.1189/jlb.1210702

Figure 4. Exposure of PAMPs situated underneath the mannan layer in hyphae is responsible for IL-1β production.

Figure 4.

(A) Monocyte-derived macrophages were stimulated with heat-killed (HK) C. albicans yeast or hyphae for 24 h. Supernatant was harvested, and the concentration of IL-1β and TNF was determined by ELISA. (B) Monocyte-derived macrophages were stimulated with heat-killed or thimerosal-treated C. albicans yeast for 24 h. Supernatant was harvested, and the concentration of IL-1β and TNF was determined by ELISA. (C) The porosity of two C. albicans strains, CAF-2 and UC820, was measured by the relative sensitivity to PLL and DEAE-dextran sensitivity. (D) TEM of yeasts and hyphae (arrowheads indicate mannan fibrils). (E) Average mannan fribril length from 30 randomly selected C. albicans yeast and hyphae. (F) Monocyte-derived macrophage was stimulated with heat-killed CAI-4, the Δoch1 N-mannan glycosylation mutant, and its complemented control strain, respectively, for 24 h. Supernatant was harvested, and the concentration of IL-1β was determined by ELISA (n=6; *P<0.05).