Table 3.
Group Comparison on Neuropathy Scores, Balance, Glucose Control, and Quality of Life at the Posttest (N=39)
| |
Tai Chi (n=20) |
Control (n=19) |
|
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post test mean (SD) | Pre–post difference mean (SD) | Post test mean (SD) | Pre–post difference mean (SD) | ta | p | |
| Glucose control | ||||||
| Fasting blood glucose | 125.50 (45.57) | 12.85 (40.66) | 155.31 (44.88) | −11.84 (26.36) | 2.23 | 0.036 |
| HbA1c | 7.20 (1.32) | 0.43 (.57) | 8.32 (1.76) | −0.30 (0.87) | 3.11 | 0.004 |
| Balance | ||||||
| Single leg stance | 30.02 (28.08) | −7.65 (16.78) | 14.27 (16.31) | 1.44 (9.97) | −2.04 | 0.044 |
| Neuropathy scores | ||||||
| 10-g monofilament test | 1.95 (0.22) | −0.05 (0.22) | 1.73 (0.56) | −0.10 (0.31) | 0.63 | 0.535 |
| Total symptom scores | 0.91 (1.87) | 0.21 (1.44) | 2.83 (3.29) | −1.64 (3.61) | 2.09 | 0.042 |
| Quality of life | ||||||
| Physical functioning | 71.75 (19.95) | 4.75 (16.58) | 55.26 (19.75) | −5.78 (11.69) | 2.28 | 0.028 |
| Bodily pain | 79.37 (19.98) | 11.87 (26.74) | 60.36 (24.49) | −11.34 (26.17) | 2.73 | 0.009 |
| Role limitation, physical | 76.62 (20.72) | 17.25 (28.64) | 57.48 (27.80) | −4.02 (14.20) | 2.96 | 0.006 |
| Role limitation, emotional | 75.25 (22.84) | 17.50 (24.78) | 60.17 (32.13) | −7.36 (20.73) | 3.38 | 0.002 |
| Social functioning | 80.89 (18.11) | 10.89 (30.29) | 61.97 (28.89) | −18.28 (18.85) | 3.58 | 0.001 |
| Vitality | 49.00 (15.12) | 5.87 (12.74) | 42.63 (18.29) | −2.43 (18.39) | 1.64 | 0.107 |
| General health | 48.65 (13.79) | 2.65 (17.46) | 38.84 (13.50) | −1.15 (12.83) | 0.77 | 0.446 |
| Mental health | 68.35 (21.72) | −1.15 (28.49) | 53.42 (19.58) | −7.89 (18.05) | 0.87 | 0.387 |
| PCS | 45.36 (8.04) | .83 (7.31) | 43.57 (7.00) | .74 (6.08) | 0.04 | 0.967 |
| MCS | 44.52 (9.19) | 1.93 (13.50) | 41.38 (12.90) | −2.20 (10.77) | 1.05 | 0.298 |
a
t values were calculated from the difference scores (posttest – pretest scores).