FIG. 3.

Changes in mRNA level of respiratory chain components. Real-time PCR analysis of mRNA expression of ND4 and Ndufa6 components of electron transport chain complex I (a and b, respectively) and subunits II and IV of COX (c and d, respectively) cytochrome b (e) and ATP synthase (f) in sperm cells. Results are given as mean±SEM for all genes normalized to GAPDH transcription (n=30, 10 per group). Compared with the control, *p<0.05; Compared with the untreated group, ^#p<0.05. COX, cytochrome c oxidase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase