Figure 4. Temporal change in fauna and fluid environment at P-vent.

Species abundance (mean and standard error; arcsine square-root transform of relative abundance) of selected species colonizing at times 9, 11 and 22 months after the eruption in hot habitat. Asterisk denotes abundance significantly greater than at least one other time (Table S3). Environmental conditions, displayed as box plots (median, quartiles, range) measured in vicinity of colonization surfaces with Alvin T-probe alone (9 months) or in combination with electrochemical sensors coupled with T-probes (11 and 23 months).