Table 2.
Performance of the three groups on the neuropsychological battery and results of the statistical analysis.
| Mean (SD) |
Kruskal–Wallis | Adjusted pairwise contrasts |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | MCI | AD | p-value | Controls vs. MCI | Controls vs. AD | MCI vs. AD | |
| p-value/d/β | p-value/d/β | p-value/d/β | |||||
| TMT (hits) | 23.90 (0.32) | 22.70 (2.50) | 12.00 (3.02) | 0.001 | ns/0.7/29 | 0.001/5.2/100 | 0.001/3.6/100 |
| TMT (time s) | 159.0 (60.01) | 205.10 (93.54) | 423.60 (172.48) | 0.001 | ns/0.5/23 | 0.001/2.0/99 | 0.001/1.6/91 |
| Letter A cancelation (hits) | 15.90 (0.32) | 15.10 (1.10) | 11.50 (4.60) | 0.002 | ns/1.0/55 | 0.001/1.5/81 | ns/1.1/62 |
| Letter A cancelation (time s) | 78.20 (35.72) | 71.90 (26.81) | 76.10 (61.61) | 0.889 | |||
| Memory for 3 phrases | 2.70 (0.48) | 2.30 (0.82) | 2.30 (0.82) | 0.437 | |||
| World list (immediate) | 19.50 (3.21) | 14.80 (2.66) | 12.00 (4.83) | 0.001 | 0.031/1.6/92 | 0.001/1.8/97 | ns/0.7/33 |
| World list (delayed) | 7.10 (2.08) | 5.10 (1.10) | 2.70 (2.67) | 0.003 | ns/1.2/70 | 0.002/1.8/97 | ns/1.2/70 |
| World list (recognition) | 19.40 (1.07) | 19.00 (1.33) | 17.00 (3.09) | 0.066 | |||
| Verbal fluency (animals) | 19.60 (3.86) | 15.20 (3.36) | 11.50 (3.92) | 0.000 | ns/0.3/11 | 0.001/1.03/60 | ns/0.8/42 |
| Verbal fluency (letters) | 7.70 (4.37) | 5.10 (3.67) | 3.10 (3.75) | 0.056 | |||
| Boston naming test | 13.30 (1.77) | 12.10 (1.60) | 10.30 (1.57) | 0.005 | ns/0.7/32 | 0.004/1.7/96 | ns/1.1/67 |
| Rey figure (copy) | 23.75 (9.76) | 27.60 (7.75) | 12.45 (6.55) | 0.004 | ns/0.4/15 | 0.01/1.4/82 | 0.001/2.1/99 |
| Rey figure (recall) | 10.00 (5.42) | 13.45 (7.45) | 4.65 (4.26) | 0.008 | ns/0.5/20 | ns/1.1/64 | 0.007/1.4/86 |
| WCST (hits) | 19.80 (10.63) | 14.40 (4.97) | 13.20 (7.79) | 0.211 | |||
| WCST (categories) | 2.50 (1.72) | 1.30 (0.67) | 1.10 (9.83) | 0.023 | ns/0.6/71 | 0.033/0.7/84 | ns/0.1/7 |
| WCST (conceptualization) | 11.60 (11.02) | 16.90 (13.14) | 15.7 (17.42) | 0.318 | |||
Adjusted pairwise contrasts were carried out when the main effect of group was found to be significant.
Letter A Cancelation (Hits = number of letters correctly cancelled out of 16); TMT, Trial Making Test (Hits = number of circles correctly connected out of 25); WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Hits = number of cards correctly classified out of 48, Short-version; Conceptualization = number of trials to first category); p-value/d/β = statistical significance/effect size (Cohen d)/Power (%) for the Bonferroni-corrected age-adjusted post hoc contrasts.