Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurochem. 2012 Nov 1;123(6):954–962. doi: 10.1111/jnc.12047

Figure 1. The requirement for SphK2 and CCL2 for preconditioning for ischemic tolerance by hypoxia, cobalt, and the sphingosine analog FTY720.

Figure 1

(A) Previously published data showed that hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) reduces infarct volume 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in wildtype (C57Bl/6) mice, and the loss of such protection in SphK2 knockout (data from (Wacker et al. 2012)) and CCL2 knockout mice (data from (Stowe et al. 2012)). (B) Cobalt (CoCl2) preconditioning reduces infarct volume 24 h after tMCAO in wildtype (C57Bl/6) mice, but this protection is not achieved in SphK2 knockout or CCL2 knockout mice. (C) FTY720 preconditioning also reduces infarct volume 24 h after tMCAO in wildtype (C57Bl/6) mice, but as with hypoxia and cobalt, tolerance is not realized in SphK2 knockout or CCL2 knockout mice. Data represent mean±SEM. N=5–13 per group. (*) P<0.05 between groups.