Table 3.
Model 2, multinomial logistic regressions showing associations of class membership1 with familial risk factors (father’s 4-group design variable indicating levels of genetic and environmental risk, paternal and maternal substance use and psychiatric disorders and sibling problem substance use) and family environment adjusted for offspring demographics1
| Class 2 AUD2 | Class 3 AUD-MDD-ANX3 | Class 4 SUD-CD4 | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
|
Familial risk factors
| |||
| Father’s 4-group design | |||
| Group 1, HG & HE | 1.50 (0.94–2.40) | 1.02 (0.48–2.15) | 1.55 (0.56–4.25) |
| Group 2, HG & LE | 1.40 (0.63–3.08) | 0.42 (0.10–1.73) | 1.05 (0.26–4.20) |
| Group 3, MG & LE | 1.12 (0.59–2.13) | 0.53 (0.16–1.80) | 1.22 (0.27–5.49) |
| Group 4, LG & LE | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Maternal marijuana abuse/ dependence | 1.11 (0.52–2.37) | 0.53 (0.14–1.94) | 2.15 (0.79–5.86) |
| Father current or former smoker | 1.33 (0.87–2.03) | 1.34 (0.66–2.71) | 1.09 (0.53–2.23) |
| Paternal externalizing disorder | 0.97 (0.57–1.65) | 1.01 (0.47–2.20) | 2.25 (0.98–5.15) |
| Maternal depression | 1.53 (0.99–2.39) | 3.42 (1.78–6.57) | 1.69 (0.83–3.46) |
| Sibling alcohol problems | 1.02 (0.62–1.68) | 2.59 (1.35–4.97) | 0.98 (0.43–2.19) |
| Sibling drug use | |||
| Marijuana or other drug only | 1.76 (1.16–2.67) | 1.26 (0.63–2.52) | 1.51 (0.64–3.57) |
| Marijuana and other drugs | 3.45 (2.13–5.59) | 2.65 (1.36–5.15) | 5.97 (2.65–13.47) |
|
| |||
|
Early family environment
| |||
| Father separated/divorced | 1.28 (0.86–1.90) | 1.01 (0.53–1.91) | 0.87 (0.43–1.75) |
| Mother inconsistent with rules | 1.65 (1.06–2.57) | 2.37 (1.26–4.46) | 3.07 (1.41–6.72) |
| Not close to father | 1.05 (0.62–1.77) | 1.36 (0.62–2.96) | 2.11 (1.01–4.40) |
| Not close to mother | 1.34 (0.66–2.72) | 1.66 (0.56–4.91) | 2.32 (0.79–6.85) |
| Childhood physical/sexual abuse | 1.54 (0.99–2.38) | 3.27 (1.80–5.94) | 3.58 (1.77–7.25) |
|
| |||
|
Demographics
| |||
| Male gender | 2.68 (1.90–3.80) | 1.10 (0.63–1.91) | 4.79 (2.41–9.54) |
| Age 18 and older | 8.36 (4.17–16.76) | 3.31 (1.14–9.65) | 6.45 (1.32–31.43) |
| Non-Caucasian | 1.01 (0.63–1.60) | 0.75 (0.31–1.84) | 0.27 (0.07–0.99) |
Class 1 is reference group; model adjusted for missing data on mothers and siblings,
AUD = alcohol abuse/dependence.
AUD-MDD-ANX = alcohol abuse/dependence, major depressive disorder and any anxiety disorder (social phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder).
SUD – CD = alcohol abuse/dependence, marijuana abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence and conduct disorder.
Bold text = statistically significant odds ratios.