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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Aug 21;128(1-2):20–29. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.07.015

Table 4.

Model 3, multinomial logistic regressions showing associations of class membership1 with familial risk factors (father’s 4-group design variable indicating levels of genetic and environmental risk, paternal and maternal substance use and psychiatric disorders and sibling problem substance use), family environment and non-family environment adjusted for offspring demographics1

Class 2 AUD2 Class 3 AUD-MDD-ANX3 Class 4 SUD-CD4
OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI) OR (95% CI)
Familial risk factors
Father’s 4-group design
 Group 1, HG & HE 1.60 (0.98–2.63) 1.06 (0.51–2.23) 1.55 (0.56–4.28)
 Group 2, HG & LE 1.33 (0.63–2.82) 0.38 (0.10–1.50) 0.95 (0.24–3.78)
 Group 3, MG & LE 1.20 (0.60–2.42) 0.53 (0.16–1.74) 1.18 (0.25–5.66)
 Group 4, LG & LE 1.0 1.0 1.0
Maternal marijuana abuse/ dependence 1.22 (0.56–2.65) 0.57 (0.15–2.20) 2.81 (0.99–7.96)
Father current or former smoker 1.28 (0.82–2.01) 1.25 (0.62–2.51) 1.02 (0.49–2.14)
Paternal externalizing disorder 0.80 (0.46–1.39) 0.87 (0.40–1.87) 1.82 (0.81–4.12)
Maternal depression 1.49 (0.93–2.37) 3.33 (1.72–6.46) 1.54 (0.74–3.20)
Sibling alcohol problems 1.05 (0.62–1.76) 2.76 (1.40–5.42) 1.04 (0.44–2.46)
Sibling drug use
  Marijuana or other drug only 1.59 (1.02–2.46) 1.18 (0.58–2.40) 1.37 (0.57–3.30)
  Marijuana and other drugs 3.21 (1.91–5.40) 2.53 (1.29–4.93) 5.81 (2.52–13.40)
Early family environment
  Father separated/divorced 1.26 (0.82–1.94) 1.03 (0.54–1.99) 0.91 (0.43–1.90)
  Mother inconsistent with rules 1.73 (1.07–2.78) 2.31 (1.22–4.38) 2.75 (1.21–6.26)
  Not close to father 1.09 (0.63–1.89) 1.35 (0.62–2.91) 1.89 (0.88–4.07)
  Not close to mother 1.45 (0.66–3.16) 1.80 (0.58–5.54) 2.56 (0.82–7.99)
  Childhood physical/sexual abuse 1.47 (0.93–2.34) 3.30 (1.81–6.02) 3.42 (1.69–6.93)
Non-family environment5
 Friends smoke 2.52 (1.73–3.69) 2.50 (1.26–4.95) 11.0 (4.20–28.78)
 Friends drink alcohol at least weekly 2.99 (1.74–5.14) 1.28 (0.60–2.72) 1.26 (0.56–2.86)
Demographics
Male gender 2.63 (1.83–3.77) 1.06 (0.60–1.87) 4.75 (2.35–5.60)
Age 18 and older 5.27 (2.42–11.47) 2.67 (0.89–8.02) 4.23 (0.85–21.10)
Non-Caucasian 1.30 (0.78–2.18) 0.96 (0.40–2.31) 0.37 (0.10–1.44)
1

Class 1 is reference group; model adjusted for missing data on mothers and siblings,

2

AUD = alcohol abuse/dependence.

3

AUD-MDD-ANX = alcohol abuse/dependence, major depressive disorder and any anxiety disorder (social phobia, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder).

4

SUD – CD = alcohol abuse/dependence, marijuana abuse/dependence, nicotine dependence and conduct disorder.

5

excludes friend drug use due to empty cells.

Bold text = statistically significant odds ratios.