Table 1. Uptake and release of metabolites in culture media during preimplantation development.

		Culture media-derived metabolites
Stage	Metabolites produced by embryos	Metabolites consumed by embryos	Metabolites that were not consumed by embryos
Early Stage	Hexanoate*, Isoleusine, Glutamate, Glycine*, Citramalate	Glutamine, Pyruvate*, Octanoate***	5-Oxoproline
Late Stage	Tryptophan***, cis-Aconitate*** Threonine**, Proline**, Putrescine***, Malate***, Leucine***, Succinate, Phenylalanine***, Valine**, Ornithine, Methionine*, Tyrosine**, Lysine, Histidine***, 2-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate***, 2-Hydroxypentanoate**, Alanine***	Lactate, Pyruvate* Glutamine, Octanoate***	5-Oxoproline