Table 1.

Classification of the pedicle screw-based posterior dynamic stabilization devices.

(A) Nonmetallic devices
(i) Graf Ligament (SEM Co., Montrouge, France)
(ii) Dynesys (Zimmer Spine, Inc., Warsaw, IN)
(iii) Transition (Globus Medical, Inc., Audubon, PA)
(B) Metallic devices
(i) BioFlex (Bio-Spine Corp., Seoul, Korea)
(ii) Stabilimax NZ (Applied Spine Technologies, Inc., New Haven, CT)
(iii) Cosmic Posterior Dynamic System (Ulrich GmbH & Co, Ulm, Germany)
(C) Hybrid devices
(a) Hybrid devices (metallic component with plastic bumper)
(i) CD Horizon Agile (Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN)
(ii) NFlex (Synthes Spine, Inc., West Chester, PA, a J&J Company)