Table 5: Components of COPD Programs Applying Wagner’s Chronic Care Model*.
| Study | All-Cause Mortality RR (95% CI) | All-Cause Hosp RR (95% CI) | COPD Specific Hosp RR (95% CI) | ED Visits RR (95% CI) | Lung Function RR (95% CI) | Disease Education | Medication Education | Diet Counsel | Exercise Counsel | Lifestyle Counsel | Self-Care Support | Regular Follow-Up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| van Wetering et al, 2010 (32) |
— | — | — | — | NS | ✓ | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Rice et al, 2010 (28) |
NS | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) |
0.72 (0.54–0.96) |
0.60 (0.44–0.82) |
— | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Casas et al, 2006 (29) |
NS | 0.67 (0.49–0.91) |
— | — | — | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Rea et al, 2004 (27) |
NS | NS | 0.56 (0.33–0.96) |
NS | NS | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Solomon et al, 1998 (30) |
— | NS | — | NS | — | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ | X |
*
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED, emergency department; hosp, hospitalization; NS, not significant; RR, relative risk.