Table 7: Components of Diabetes Programs Applying Wagner’s Chronic Care Model*.
| Study | HbA1c WMD (95% CI) | SBP WMD (95% CI) | Disease Education | Med Education | Titration of Meds | Diet Counsel | Exercise Counsel | Lifestyle Counsel | Self-Care Support | Regular Follow-Up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medi-Cal, 2004 (33) |
–0.77 (–1.22 to –0.32) | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Gaede et al, 2001 (34) |
–1.00 (–1.50 to –0.50) | — | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Groeneveld et al, 2001 (39) |
— | NS | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ |
| Johansen et al, 2007 (35) |
–1.00 (–1.54 to –0.46) | –8.00 (–13.27 to –2.73) | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | X | ✓ |
| Maislos et al, 2004 (36) |
–1.50 (–2.17 to –0.83) | — | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| Choe et al, 2005 (37) |
–1.20 (–2.29 to –0.11) | — | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ |
| McLean et al, 2008 (40) |
— | –5.10 (–9.24 to –0.96) | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Rothman et al, 2005 (38) |
–1.00 (–1.60 to –0.40) | –9.90 (–15.44 to –4.36) | ✓ | X | ✓ | X | X | X | ✓ | ✓ |
*
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; NS, not significant; SBP, systolic blood pressure; WMD, weighted mean difference.