Table 4.
Results of cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses
|
Analysis |
Sample size |
Outcome |
Cost difference (€) |
Effect difference |
ICER |
Distribution CE plane |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PST | UC | (95% CI) | (95%CI) | NE | SE | SW | NW | |||
| Multiply imputed analysis |
88 |
87 |
HADS |
−2062 (−4698 ; 359) |
−0.2 (−3.7 ; 3.2) |
8676 |
2% |
55% |
40% |
3% |
| |
88 |
87 |
QALY* |
−2062 (−4698 ; 359) |
0.03 (−0.02 ; 0.08) |
−65045 |
4% |
88% |
7% |
1% |
| Complete cases |
56 |
63 |
HADS |
−2715 (−5858 ; 77) |
0.02 (−2.3 ; 2.4) |
−113112 |
1% |
48% |
49% |
2% |
| |
53 |
59 |
QALY* |
−3085 (−6300 ; -171) |
0.04 (−0.01 ; 0.08) |
−83380 |
2% |
94% |
4% |
0% |
| NHS perspective† |
88 |
87 |
HADS |
−253 (−1149 ; 476) |
−0.2 (−3.7 ; 3.2) |
1065 |
11% |
45% |
28% |
16% |
| |
88 |
87 |
QALY* |
−253 (−1149 ; 476) |
0.03 (−0.02 ; 0.08) |
−7984 |
23% |
69% |
4% |
4% |
| Human capital approach |
88 |
87 |
HADS |
−2397 (−5427 ; 393) |
−0.2 (−3.7 ; 3.2) |
10084 |
2% |
55% |
40% |
3% |
| |
88 |
87 |
QALY* |
−2397 (−5427 ; 393) |
0.03 (−0.02 ; 0.08) |
−75597 |
4% |
88% |
7% |
1% |
| Training costs PST excluded |
88 |
87 |
HADS |
−2035 (5669 ; 1259) |
−0.2 (−3.7 ; 3.2) |
8564 |
6% |
50% |
38% |
6% |
| |
88 |
87 |
QALY* |
−2035 (5669 ; 1259) |
0.03 (−0.02 ; 0.08) |
−64198 |
11% |
81% |
7% |
1% |
| Per protocol analysis |
41 |
87 |
HADS |
−3220 (−5744 ; -725) |
1.5 (−1.5 ; 4.4) |
−2943 |
0% |
16% |
84% |
0% |
| |
41 |
87 |
QALY* |
−3220 (−5744 ; -725) |
0.03 (−0.03 ; 0.09) |
−137279 |
0% |
90% |
10% |
0% |
| Observed outliers excluded |
88 |
84 |
HADS |
−1090 (−3492 ; 1175) |
−0.3 (−3.8 ; 3.3) |
4297 |
7% |
49% |
33% |
11% |
| 88 | 84 | QALY* | −1090 (−3492 ; 1175) | 0.03 (−0.02 ; 0.08) | −34498 | 15% | 77% | 5% | 3% | |
HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; QALY = Quality-Adjusted Life-Year; NHS = National Health Service.
* adjusted for baseline utility score.
† only direct costs included.