Table 5.
Summary of included studies
| Reference | Intervention | Study type and quality | SNAPW outcomes | Health literacy outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Authors: Adolfsson ET, Walker-EngstrÃm ML, Smide B, Wikblad K [36] |
Patient education in type 2 diabetes-A randomized controlled 1-year follow-up study |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group empowerment sessions |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: 4–5 sessions over 7 months |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: No |
|
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (GP, educator) |
|
|
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Aldana SG, Greenlaw RL, Diehl HA, Salberg A, Merrill RM, Ohmine S, et al [37] |
Effects of an intensive diet and physical activity modification program on the health risks of adults |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group education with participants following preset dietary goals |
Quality score: 3.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 40 h over a 4-week period |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: Yes |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (GP, educator) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Brassington GS, Atienza AA, Perczek RE, DiLorenzo TM, King AC [38] |
Intervention-Related Cognitive Versus Social |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Mediators of Exercise Adherence in the Elderly |
Quality rating: Low |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Telephone |
|
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Description: Telephone Counselling + exercise logs |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity: exercise prescription, telephone exercise counseling to promote exercise adherence for 12 months, and attended 6- and 12-month assessment visits |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
Quality score: 1.83 |
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
Provider: Educator |
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: de Vries H, Kremers SP, Smeets T, Brug J, Eijmael K [53] |
The effectiveness of tailored feedback and action plans in an intervention addressing multiple health behaviors |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: 3 iterative tailored feedback letters |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 3 iterative feedback letters |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Other |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Dunn AL, Marcus BH, Kampert JB, Garcia ME, Kohl HW, Blair SN [39] |
Reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors: 6-month results from Project Active |
Study type: Randomised Clinical Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Cognitive & behavioural strategies + Motivational Interviewing - advised to accumulate at least 30 min of moderate intensity physical activity on most days of the week, tailored to their lifestyle |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: small groups that met for an hour 1 night a week for the first 16 weeks, and then every other week for weeks 17 to 24, |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Educator |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Efraimsson EÃ, Hillervik C, Ehrenberg A [40] |
Effects of COPD self-care management education at a nurse-led primary health care clinic |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: Yes |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Low |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Disease education (COPD) & counseling on RF |
Quality score: 1.83 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 12–20 weeks |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Nurse |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Goldstein MG, Pinto BM, Marcus BH, Lynn H, Jette AM, Rakowski W, et al [32] |
Physician-based physical activity counseling for middle-aged and older adults: a randomized trial |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Individualised motivational counseling, goal setting + PA prescription + mailed monthly materials |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 5 mins brief counseling with mailed monthly materials |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Hartman TJ, McCarthy PR, Park RJ, Schuster E, Kushi LH [54] |
Results of a community-based low-literacy nutrition education program |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: 10 sessions and written information |
Quality score: 2.5 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: 10 sessions |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Lay worker |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Kloek GC, van Lenthe FJ, van Nierop PWM, Koelen MA, Mackenbach JP [55] |
Impact evaluation of a Dutch community intervention to improve health-related behaviour in deprived neighbourhoods |
Study type: Quasi experimental |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group education + community development (one off special events) |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: No |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 2 year intervention |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Other |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: Lorig KR, Ritter PL, Jacquez A [56] |
Outcomes of border health Spanish/English Chronic Disease Self-management Programs |
Study type: Before and After Study |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: CDSMP |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 2.5 h sessions over 6 weeks - total 14 h |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Lay worker |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Nies MA, Artinian NT, Schim SM, Vander Wal JS, Sherrick-Escamilla S [57] |
Effects of lay health educator interventions on activity, diet, and health risks in an urban Mexican American community |
Study type: Before and After Study |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: No |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Low |
Nutrition: No |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Health promotion train the trainer sessions in the community |
Quality score: 1.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 2–6 h train the trainer sessions and 3x1h sessions for community |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Lay worker |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Norris SL, Grothaus LC, Buchner DM, Pratt M [33] |
Effectiveness of physician-based assessment and counseling for exercise in a staff model HMO |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: One counselling session, written PA prescription and one follow up call. A subset received booster telephone calls at 2, 3 and 4 months and postcard reminders at 2, 3, 4, and 5 months. (no significant difference between groups in PA levels) |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: One counselling session, written PA prescription and one follow up call |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: Ridgeway NA, Harvill DR, Harvill LM, Falin TM, Forester GM, Gose OD [41] |
Improved control of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A practical education/behavior modification program in a primary care clinic |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group education mixed with individual education sessions |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 12 weekly group sessions, 1 individual session and 6 bi-weekly sessions |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: Yes |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (Nurse, dietician, GP) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Sadur CN, Moline N, Costa M, Michalik D, Mendlowitz D, Roller S, et al [42] |
Diabetes management in a health maintenance organization: Efficacy of care management using cluster visits |
Study type: Clustered Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group education + 1 additional individual session |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 10–18 patients/month for 6 months |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (Psychologist, educator, dietician, pharmacist) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Van Sluijs EMF, Van Poppel MNM, Twisk JWR, Van Mechelen W [43] |
Physical activity measurements affected participants’ behavior in a randomized controlled trial |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: No |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Individual physician tailored counseling + 2 phone calls (5–10mins) + follow up consultation |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: 10 min initial consult, 5–10 min phone call at 2 weeks, 10 min consult at 4 weeks and phone call 8 weeks after 2nd consult |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (GP, nurse, counselor) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: Yajima S, Takano T, Nakamura K, Watanabe M [58] |
Effectiveness of a community leaders’ programme to promote healthy lifestyles in Tokyo, Japan |
Study type: Quasi experimental |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/R |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Range of activities by lay community members to be health promotion leaders |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 2 year program |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/R |
| |
Provider: Lay worker |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: Yes |
|
Authors: Boylan MJ, Renier CM, Knuths JS, Haller IV [44] |
Preventing cardiovascular disease in women: an intervention-control randomized study |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Lifestyle intervention program including individualized review, information, classes and follow up phone calls |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 12 months |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Educator |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Jimmy G, Martin BW [59] |
Implementation and effectiveness of a primary care based physical activity counselling scheme |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Individual counseling & feedback on stage of change + take home leaflets + offer of referral to PA specialist (at ¼ of cost) + follow up session computer assisted tool (PA & motivation assessment) + telephone reminders (3) |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: Feedback, information 45 min counselling session |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Kreuter MW, Strecher VJ [60] |
Do tailored behavior change messages enhance the effectiveness of health risk appraisal? Results from a randomized trial |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: No |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: individually-tailored behavior change information with health risk assessment mailed |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 1 off risk information sheet and 1 individually tailored behavior change info |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Computer |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Miller CK, Edwards L, Kissling G, Sanville L [45] |
Evaluation of a theory-based nutrition intervention for older adults with diabetes mellitus |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: 10 group education sessions |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 10 weekly group sessions |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Dietician |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Oenema A, Brug J, Dijkstra A, de Weerdt I, de Vries H [61] |
Efficacy and use of an internet-delivered computer-tailored lifestyle intervention, targeting saturated fat intake, physical activity and smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Computer |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Internet-delivered, computer-tailored lifestyle intervention |
Quality score: 2.5 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 1 month |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
Computer |
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Ogden J, Hoppe R [62] |
The relative effectiveness of two styles of educational package to change practice nurses’ management of obesity |
Study type: Before and After Study |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: Yes |
| |
Description: Individual consultation + advice by nurse |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: One consultation |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: No |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Nurse |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Simmons D, Voyle JA, Fout F, Feot S, Leakehe L [63] |
Tale of two churches: Differential impact of a church-based diabetes control programme among Pacific Islands people in New Zealand |
Study type: Non-Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Tailored activities by language & culture relevance & cooking classes |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: NR |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: NR |
|
Weight: Yes |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Lay worker |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: Ryan A, Smith C [64] |
Change for Life/Cambia tu vida: a health promotion program based on the stages of change model for African descendent and Latino adults in New Hampshire |
Study type: Before and After Study |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group education targeting participants stage of change + culturally appropriate written resources + decision tree |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: six 2-h classes held weekly, followed by periodic group support meetings after the series of classes is completed |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (Researcher, lay worker) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Steptoe A, Rink E, Kerry S [65] |
Psychosocial predictors of changes in physical activity in overweight sedentary adults following counseling in primary care |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Individual brief counseling by a nurse (1–3 sessions) |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 1–3 sessions |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Nurse |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: Toobert DJ, Glasgow RE, Strycker LA, Barrera M, Ritzwoller DP, Weidner G [46] |
Long-term effects of the Mediterranean lifestyle program: a randomized clinical trial for postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (Provisional abstract) |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: 2.5 day non residential education + weekly meetings for 6 months with small group support |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 2.5 day non residential education + weekly meetings for 6 months with small group support |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (Dietician, exercise physiologist, educator, lay worker) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: Yes |
|
Authors: Hoffman AM, Redding CA, Goldberg D, Añel D, Prochaska JO, Meyer PM, et al [66] |
Computer expert systems for African-American smokers in physicians offices: A feasibility study |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: Yes |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Computer feedback with nurse + stage based RF manual + 3–6 min audio-tapes + stress management exercise instructions |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: Interactive computer sessions (number uncertain) and brief audiotapes |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Computer |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Wolf RL, Lepore SJ, Vandergrift JL, Basch CE, Yaroch AL [67] |
Tailored telephone education to promote awareness and adoption of fruit and vegetable recommendations among urban and mostly |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Telephone |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Telephone individual education & mailed brochure |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 2 calls and mailed brochure |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Other |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Swerissen H, Belfrage J, Weeks A, Jordan L, Walker C, Furler J, et al [68] |
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Financial Incentives for Smoking Cessation |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Language specific SM Program + audiocassette + program booklet |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: 6 weekly 2.5 h sessions. 20 h training for peer leaders |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Lay worker |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Campbell J, Aday RH [69] |
Improving dietary behavior: the effectiveness of tailored messages in primary care settings |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Computer generated tailored nutrition newsletters & profile feedback related to stage of change |
Quality score: 3.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: one-time, mailed nutrition information packet |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Computer |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: Yes |
|
Authors: Collins R, Lee RE, Albright CL, King AC [47] |
Ready to be Physically Active? The Effects of a Course Preparing Low-Income Multiethnic Women to be more Physically Active |
Study type: Before and After Study |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group Education + culturally sensitive curriculum |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: 10 mth intervention |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Educator |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: Yes |
|
Authors: Gladys Block PW, Rochelle Mandel, Diane Metz, Mary L Fujii, Nancy Feldman, and Barbara Sutherland [70] |
A Randomized Trial of the Little by Little CD-ROM: Demonstrated Effectiveness in Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Low-income Population |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Computer |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Self Guided interactive computer program + goal setting + handouts |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: CD ROM and 2 reminder phone calls |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Computer |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Koffman DM BT, Mosca L, Redberg R, Schmid T, Wattigney WA [71] |
An evaluation of Choose to Move 1999: an American Heart Association physical activity program for women. |
Study type: Before and After Study |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Low |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: written materials + Postcards + Email + Newsletter |
Quality score: 1.5 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 12-week, mail-mediated lifestyle intervention program |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Other |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Marcus BH BB, Pinto BM, Forsyth LH, Roberts MB, Traficante RM [72] |
Efficacy of an individualized, motivationally-tailored physical activity intervention |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Tailored counseling messages using “computer expert system” + motivationally matched manuals + feedback on progress were mailed to subjects |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: NR |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Other |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Redding C, Rossi JS, Goldstein M, DePue J, et al [73] |
Stage-based expert systems to guide a population of primary care patients to quit smoking, eat healthier, prevent skin cancer, and receive regular mammograms |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: Yes |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Mailed computer generated profile reports (stage of change, use of change processes, pros & cons of changing) + self help manual + strategies on how to progress stages |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 3 reports mailed for each risk factor |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Computer |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Prochaska JO, Velicer WF, Rossi JS, Redding CA, Greene GW, Rossi SR, et al [74] |
Multiple Risk Expert Systems Interventions: Impact of Simultaneous Stage-Matched Expert System Interventions for Smoking, High-Fat Diet, and Sun Exposure in a Population of Parents |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: Yes |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Mailed computer generated profile reports (stage of change, use of change processes, pros & cons of changing) + self help manual + strategies on how to progress stages |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
reports for each of their relevant behaviors at 0, 6, and 12 months as well as a multiple behavior manual. |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity: Received 3 reports per year |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
Provider: Computer |
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Beresford SA SJC, A R Kristal, D Lazovich, Z Feng and E H Wagner [34] |
A dietary intervention in primary care practice: the Eating Patterns Study. |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: No |
| |
Description: Self help materials |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: Low intensity – time not stated |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Marcus B H Emmons KM, Simkin-Silverman L R, Linnan L A, Taylor E R, Bock B C, Roberts M B, Rossi J S, Abrams D B [75] |
Evaluation of motivationally tailored vs standard self-help physical activity interventions at the workplace |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Repeated mailing (3 times) Self-help manuals + motivational messages related to stage of change |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 3 lots of written material |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Other |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Graham-Clarke P, Oldenburg B [76] |
The effectiveness of a general-practice-based physical activity intervention on patient physical activity status |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Lifestyle counseling - Fresh Start Program by Heart Foundation |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: NR |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: NR |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: O’Loughlin, Jennifer Paradis, Gilles Meshefedjian, Garbis Kishchuk, Natalie [77] |
Evaluation of an 8-Week Mailed Healthy-Weight Intervention |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Unsure |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: 8-Week Mailed Healthy-Weight Intervention |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: 18 pamphlets mailed over 8 weeks |
|
Physical activity: Unsure |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: No |
Patient activation: No |
| |
Provider: Other |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Winkleby MA, Howard-Pitney B, Albright CA, Bruce B, Kraemer HC, Fortmann SP [48] |
Predicting achievement of a low-fat diet: a nutrition intervention for adults with low literacy skills |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Yes |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group education (Stanford Nutrition Action Program) + multiple mail/telephone follow up calls |
Quality score: 2.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: Yes |
| |
Intensity: six or seven 60-min sessions classes |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: No |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Educator |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Agurs-Collins, TD, Kumanyika, SK, Ten Have, TR, Adams-Campbell, LL [49] |
A randomised controlled trial of weight reduction and exercise for diabetes management in older African-American subjects. |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: Unsure |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: No |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: 6 group sessions, 1 individualised counseling + diary |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 12 weekly group sessions, 1 individual session and 6 bi-weekly group sessions |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: Unsure Not reported |
| |
Intensity score: H |
|
Weight: Yes |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (Dietician, exercise physiologist) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Butler, CC, Rollnick, S, Cohen, D et al, [78] |
Motivational consulting versus brief advice for smokers in general practice: a randomized trial |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: Yes |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Motivational Counselling + patient setting targets |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: NR |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: NR |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Calfas, KJ, Sallis, JF, Oldenburg, B et al, [35] |
Mediators of change in physical activity following an intervention in primary care: PACE |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Motivational counseling + patient setting goals + activity log + examples of activities |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: Brief intervention |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
\Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
Doctor |
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: Delichatsios, HK, Hunt, MK, Lobb, R et al, [50] |
EatSmart: efficacy of a multifaceted preventive nutrition intervention in clinical practice |
Study type: Clustered |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Randomised Controlled Trial |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Tailored recommendations & stage matched booklets by mail + Motivational Counseling + personalized letter + physician endorsement + option of referral to counselor |
Quality rating: Medium |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 1 mailed information, verbal endorsement by provider and 2 motivational sessions with phone counsellor. Dietitian consult offered |
Quality score: 2.33 |
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (GP, counselor) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Fries,E, Edinboro, P, McClish, D, Manion, L, Bowen, D, Beresford, SAA, Ripley, J [79] |
Randomized trial of a low-intensity dietary intervention in rural residents: the Rural Physician Cancer Prevention Project. |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: No |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: A series of tailored feedback, brief telephone counseling + booklets |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: Feedback, 1 phone call and 4 booklets mailed weekly |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: No |
|
Authors: Lancaster, T, Dobbie, W, Vos, K et al [51] |
Randomized trial of nurse-assisted strategies for smoking cessation in primary care |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: No |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Motivational interviewing and counseling |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Brief advice by a doctor followed by extended counseling from a nurse |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: 6 weeks |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: No |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Nurse |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Little, P, Dorward, M, Gralton, S, Hammerton, L, Pillinger, J, White, P et al. [80] |
A randomised controlled trial of three pragmatic approaches to initiate increased physical activity in sedentary patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: High |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Exercise Prescription provide by GP + counseling by practice nurses and booklet |
Quality score: 2.83 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: Brief intervention with GP, 1 counseling session with nurse and material |
|
Physical activity: Yes |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Multi-disciplinary team (GP, nurse) |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Naylor, PJ, Simmonds, G, Riddoch, C et al. [81] |
Comparison of stage-matched and unmatched interventions to promote exercise behaviour in the primary care setting |
Study type: Randomised Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Mixed intervention |
Quality rating: Low |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: General advice and written materials or counseling and 4 staged booklets or 4 staged booklets and action planner for all groups |
Quality score: 1.66 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: Single contact interventions |
|
Physical activity: No |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Nurse |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Siero, FW, Broer, J, Bemelmans, WJ, Meyboom-de Jong, BM [52] |
Impact of group nutrition education and surplus value of Prochaska-based stage-matched information on health-related cognitions and on Mediterranean nutrition behavior. |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: N/A |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Group education |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: Yes |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Group education + booklets (core information) |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: No |
| |
Intensity: 3 sessions of 2 h each |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: M |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Educator |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: Yes |
|
Authors: Slama K, Redman S, Perkins J et al [82] |
The effectiveness of two smoking cessation programmes for use in general practice: a randomised controlled trial. |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: Yes |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Asked if a smoker and given a brochure |
Quality score: 2.0 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: Brief |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: N/A |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Doctor |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| |
|
|
|
Other health literacy outcome: N/A |
|
Authors: Lennox AS, Osman LM, Reiter E, Robertson R, Friend J, McCann I, Skatun D, Donnan PT [83] |
Cost effectiveness of computer tailored and non-tailored smoking cessation letters in general practice: randomised controlled. |
Study type: Randomised Controlled Trial |
Smoking: Yes |
Patient knowledge: N/A |
| |
Intervention type: Written material |
Quality rating: Medium |
Nutrition: N/A |
Patient skills: N/A |
| |
Description: Tailored letter |
Quality score: 2.16 |
Alcohol: N/A |
Self efficacy: N/A |
| |
Intensity: Brief |
|
Physical activity: N/A |
Stage of change: Yes |
| |
Intensity score: L |
|
Weight: N/A |
Patient activation: N/A |
| |
Provider: Computer |
|
|
Shared decision making: N/A |
| Other health literacy outcome: N/A |