. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 10.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Epidemiol. 2010 Sep 16;26(1):1–12. doi: 10.1007/s10654-010-9506-9

Table 2.

Contribution of behavioural and occupational factors to social differences in premature mortality (<70y)

TOTAL SAMPLE N=4118	Crude HR	95% CI	Adjusted HR (1)	95% CI	Adjusted HR (2)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (3)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (4)	95% CI	%
SES (occupation)
Managers, professionals	1		1		1			1			1
Associate professionals, technicians	1.25	0.70–2.22	1.02	0.57–1.82	1.02	0.57–1.82		0.78	0.43–1.43		0.78	0.43–1.45
Service workers, clerks	0.96	0.59–1.57	1.40	0.84–2.32	1.37	0.82–2.28		1.13	0.67–1.90		1.12	0.66–1.88
Manual workers	1.92^**	1.20–3.08	1.88^**	1.17–3.01	1.88^**	1.17–3.03	0	1.25	0.74–2.12	72	1.27	0.75–2.17	69

Men	2.08^***	1.49–2.90	1.96^***	1.38–2.82	1.59^*	1.08–2.33		2.08^***	1.44–3.00		1.68^**	1.13–2.49

Smoking
Non-smoker	1				1						1
Ex-smoker	2.14^***	1.46–3.13			1.52^*	1.02–2.28					1.49^*	1.00–2.23
Smoker	1.40	0.93–2.12			1.57^*	1.01–2.43					1.57^*	1.01–2.44
Alcohol abuse	2.63^***	1.80–3.85			2.01^***	1.35–2.98					1.90^**	1.28–2.83
BMI (kg/m²)
<25	1				1						1
25–30	1.71^**	1.22–2.41			0.90	0.63–1.28					0.91	0.63–1.31
>30	1.58^*	1.04–2.39			0.90	0.59–1.38					0.91	0.60–1.40

Biomechanical exposure	1.52^**	1.12–2.06						1.35^§	0.96–1.90		1.31	0.93–1.84
Physical exposure	1.59^**	1.17–2.15						1.19	0.83–1.70		1.18	0.82–1.68
Temporary contract	2.81^***	2.05–3.85						1.86^***	1.28–2.70		1.80^**	1.24–2.63
Low social support	2.21^***	1.62–2.99						1.39^*	1.00–1.94		1.39^*	1.00–1.93

MEN N=2189	Crude HR	95% CI	Adjusted HR (1)	95% CI	Adjusted HR (2)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (3)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (4)	95% CI	%
SES (occupation)
Managers, professionals	1		1		1			1			1
Associate professionals, technicians	1.13	0.60–2.12	1.03	0.55–1.94	1.03	0.55–1.94		0.78	0.40–1.53		0.78	0.39–1.53
Service workers, clerks	1.07	0.57–2.02	1.25	0.66–2.37	1.19	0.63–2.25		0.98	0.51–1.89		0.94	0.49–1.82
Manual workers	1.65^§	0.97–2.81	1.89^*	1.11–3.21	1.85^*	1.08–3.16	4	1.23	0.67–2.27	74	1.21	0.66–2.25	76

Smoking
Non-smoker	1				1						1
Ex-smoker	2.77^***	1.59–4.81			1.82^*	1.03–3.19					1.74^*	1.00–3.06
Smoker	1.98^*	1.11–3.53			1.97^*	1.10–3.55					1.95^*	1.08–3.52
Alcohol abuse	2.42^***	1.60–3.65			2.12^***	1.40–3.23					1.98^***	1.30–3.02
BMI (kg/m²)
<25	1				1						1
25–30	1.45^§	0.97–2.18			0.89	0.59–1.36					0.92	0.60–1.40
>30	1.41	0.84–2.38			0.84	0.49–1.44					0.86	0.50–1.47

Biomechanical exposure	1.62^**	1.12–2.34						1.38	0.90–2.10		1.34	0.88–2.04
Physical exposure	1.39^§	0.95–2.02						1.09	0.71–1.69		1.11	0.72–1.70
Temporary contract	4.01^***	2.74–5.86						2.33^***	1.49–3.64		2.23^***	1.42–3.51
Low social support	2.34^***	1.62–3.38						1.39^§	0.94–2.05		1.35	0.91–2.00

WOMEN N=1929	Crude HR	95% CI	Adjusted HR (1)	95% CI	Adjusted HR (2)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (3)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (4)	95% CI	%
SES (occupation)
Managers, professionals	1		1		1			1			1
Associate professionals, technicians	0.86	0.17–4.44	0.83	0.16–4.27	0.84	0.16–4.35		0.70	0.13–3.64		0.71	0.13–3.70
Service workers, clerks	1.47	0.57–3.79	1.55	0.60–3.99	1.58	0.61–4.10		1.38	0.53–3.60		1.41	0.54–3.70
Manual workers	2.41^§	0.86–6.75	1.87	0.66–5.29	1.94	0.68–5.54	−8	1.34	0.45–4.03	61	1.41	0.46–4.28	53

Smoking
Non-smoker	1				1						1
Ex-smoker	1.18	0.63–2.21			1.31	0.69–2.47					1.30	0.69–2.46
Smoker	0.61	0.28–1.30			1.10	0.50–2.41					1.10	0.50–2.43
Alcohol abuse	1.11	0.27–4.56			1.16	0.28–4.84					1.18	0.28–4.93
BMI (kg/m²)
<25	1				1						1
25–30	1.39	0.68–2.86			0.85	0.41–1.78					0.86	0.41–1.80
>30	1.64	0.82–3.29			1.00	0.49–2.04					0.99	0.49–2.02

Biomechanical exposure	1.25	0.72–2.19						1.30	0.72–2.35		1.28	0.70–2.32
Physical exposure	1.31	0.74–2.33						1.37	0.74–2.56		1.34	0.72–2.51
Temporary contract	1.84^*	1.04–3.22						1.12	0.57–2.20		1.11	0.56–2.20
Low social support	2.11^**	1.21–3.68						1.50	0.81–2.79		1.53	0.82–2.85

p<0.05,

^**

p<0.01,

^***

p<0.001,

^§

p<0.10.

⁽¹⁾

Model 1 (adjusted for SES and age)

⁽²⁾

Model 2 = Model 1 + smoking, alcohol abuse, and BMI

⁽³⁾

Model 3 = Model 1 + biomechanical exposure, physical exposure, temporary contract, and social support

⁽⁴⁾

Model 4 = Model 1 + Model 2 + Model 3

% = Reduction (positive %) or increase (negative %) in HR computed with the following formula: (HR_{model 1} − HR_{extended model})/(HR_{model 1} − 1)