. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Dec 10.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Epidemiol. 2010 Sep 16;26(1):1–12. doi: 10.1007/s10654-010-9506-9

Table 3.

Contribution of behavioural and occupational factors to social differences in total mortality

TOTAL SAMPLE N=4118	Crude HR	95% CI	Adjusted HR (1)	95% CI	Adjusted HR (2)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (3)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (4)	95% CI	%
SES (occupation)
Managers, professionals	1		1		1			1			1
Associate professionals, technicians	1.73^**	1.14–2.63	1.27	0.83–1.93	1.25	0.82–1.90		1.13	0.73–1.75		1.11	0.72–1.72
Service workers, clerks	0.98	0.66–1.44	1.40^§	0.94–2.08	1.38	0.93–2.06		1.26	0.84–1.88		1.24	0.82–1.86
Manual workers	1.96^***	1.35–2.83	1.71^**	1.18–2.47	1.71^**	1.18–2.49	0	1.42^§	0.95–2.13	41	1.41^§	0.94–2.13	42

Men	2.19^***	1.70–2.82	2.10^***	1.60–2.76	1.78^***	1.32–2.39		2.19^***	1.66–2.90		1.83^***	1.35–2.49

Smoking
Non-smoker	1				1						1
Ex-smoker	2.06^***	1.56–2.71			1.41^*	1.04–1.90					1.40^*	1.04–1.90
Smoker	1.15	0.83–1.58			1.60^**	1.13–2.25					1.62^**	1.15–2.29
Alcohol abuse	2.00^***	1.45–2.74			1.71^**	1.23–2.37					1.68^**	1.21–2.34
BMI (kg/m²)
<25	1				1						1
25–30	1.74^***	1.33–2.28			0.83	0.63–1.09					0.84	0.64–1.11
>30	2.19^***	1.64–2.93			1.09	0.81–1.47					1.10	0.81–1.49

Biomechanical exposure	1.14	0.91–1.44						1.08	0.84–1.40		1.06	0.82–1.37
Physical exposure	1.32^*	1.05–1.66						1.06	0.81–1.39		1.08	0.83–1.41
Temporary contract	4.67^***	3.56–6.13						1.86^***	1.30–2.64		1.82^***	1.28–2.59
Low social support	2.63^***	2.08–3.31						1.28^*	1.00–1.65		1.28^*	1.00–1.65

MEN N=2189	Crude HR	95% CI	Adjusted HR (1)	95% CI	Adjusted HR (2)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (3)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (4)	95% CI	%
SES (occupation)
Managers, professionals	1		1		1			1			1
Associate professionals, technicians	1.34	0.85–2.11	1.11	0.71–1.74	1.08	0.69–1.71		0.99	0.62–1.60		0.95	0.59–1.54
Service workers, clerks	1.06	0.65–1.71	1.19	0.74–1.92	1.16	0.72–1.88		1.07	0.66–1.74		1.03	0.63–1.68
Manual workers	1.53^*	1.02–2.29	1.61^*	1.07–2.40	1.60^*	1.06–2.40	2	1.34	0.86–2.10	44	1.31	0.83–2.06	49

Smoking
Non-smoker	1				1						1
Ex-smoker	2.85^***	1.90–4.28			1.70^**	1.12–2.56					1.66^*	1.10–2.51
Smoker	1.65^*	1.06–2.57			1.93^**	1.23–3.03					1.94^**	1.24–3.05
Alcohol abuse	1.79^***	1.28–2.51			1.85^***	1.31–2.60					1.81^***	1.29–2.56
BMI (kg/m²)
<25	1				1						1
25–30	1.34^§	0.98–1.84			0.76	0.55–1.06					0.78	0.56–1.08
>30	1.96^***	1.37–2.80			1.01	0.70–1.46					1.03	0.71–1.49

Biomechanical exposure	1.12	0.85–1.48						1.04	0.76–1.41		1.02	0.75–1.39
Physical exposure	1.14	0.87–1.51						1.05	0.76–1.43		1.07	0.78–1.47
Temporary contract	6.36^***	4.58–8.83						2.26^***	1.48–3.47		2.19^***	1.43–3.37
Low social support	2.71^***	2.06–3.57						1.25	0.93–1.68		1.23	0.91–1.66

WOMEN N=1929	Crude HR	95% CI	Adjusted HR (1)	95% CI	Adjusted HR (2)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (3)	95% CI	%	Adjusted HR (4)	95% CI	%
SES (occupation)
Managers, professionals	1		1		1			1			1
Associate professionals, technicians	3.24^*	1.06–9.91	2.63^§	0.86–8.06	2.57^§	0.84–7.92		2.35	0.76–7.29		2.30	0.74–7.17
Service workers, clerks	2.27^§	0.90–5.71	2.24^§	0.89–5.64	2.19^§	0.87–5.55		2.05	0.81–5.19		1.99	0.78–5.09
Manual workers	4.09^**	1.57–10.68	2.48^§	0.94–6.52	2.41^§	0.90–6.42	5	2.02	0.74–5.52	31	1.96	0.71–5.43	35

Smoking
Non-smoker	1				1						1
Ex-smoker	0.86	0.52–1.42			1.12	0.67–1.86					1.15	0.68–1.91
Smoker	0.49^*	0.27–0.90			1.21	0.54–2.31					1.24	0.65–2.36
Alcohol abuse	0.67	0.16–2.70			0.80	0.20–3.28					0.79	0.19–3.26
BMI (kg/m²)
<25	1				1						1
25–30	1.89^*	1.12–3.19			1.04	0.61–1.78					1.05	0.61–1.80
>30	2.23^**	1.34–3.71			1.21	0.72–2.05					1.21	0.71–2.05

Biomechanical exposure	1.12	0.73–1.71						1.17	0.74–1.85		1.17	0.74–1.86
Physical exposure	1.00	0.63–1.60						1.13	0.69–1.87		1.14	0.69–1.88
Temporary contract	3.13^***	1.93–5.09						1.17	0.63–2.18		1.17	0.63–2.19
Low social support	2.72^***	1.76–4.20						1.40	0.86–2.29		1.41	0.86–2.30

p<0.05,

^**

p<0.01,

^***

p<0.001,

^§

p<0.10.

⁽¹⁾

Model 1 (adjusted for SES, gender, and age)

⁽²⁾

Model 2 = Model 1 + smoking, alcohol abuse, and BMI

⁽³⁾

Model 3 = Model 1 + biomechanical exposure, physical exposure, temporary contract, and social support

⁽⁴⁾

Model 4 = Model 1 + Model 2 + Model 3

% = Reduction (positive %) or increase (negative %) in HR computed with the following formula: (HR_{model 1} − HR_{extended model})/(HR_{model 1} − 1)