Figure 1.

Starch levels measured as glucose equivalents per g of fresh weight at different days post partial defoliation (dppd) in (A) source leaves¹, (B) stems, (C) roots and (D) panicles of intact control and defoliatedAmaranthus cruentusplants. Defoliation was produced either by insect herbivory (HD) or mechanical damage (MD). Data represent means ± standard error of three technical replicates of pooled samples taken from a representative experiment that was replicated twice. Asterisks indicate significant difference from controls at *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. ¹In defoliated plants, all three source leaves sampled were damaged.