Table 4. Parameter Estimates from mixed-effects model explaining variation in faecal cortisol (ng/ml) in female Yakushima macaques.

Predictors (levels) a	Est.	SE	|t| value	Pr(>|t|) b
(Intercept)	0.024	0.558	0.043	0.966
Samples	−0.303	0.200	1.512	0.131
Age (adult)	0.480	0.337	1.426	0.154
Age (old adult)	0.618	0.320	1.929	0.054·
Rank (middle rank)	0.517	0.294	1.757	0.079·
Rank (low rank)	0.406	0.305	1.333	0.182
Season (spring)	0.163	0.382	0.427	0.669
Season (summer)	−0.558	0.333	1.676	0.094·
Season (fall)	−0.243	0.811	0.300	0.764

^aAll comparisons made against the intercept of first levels of each factor (age = young adult, rank = high, season = winter).

^bt-values are marked as follows:

^***p<0.001,

^**p<0.01,

^*p<0.05,

•p<0.1.

Data are based on 75 observations from 13 females across 2 years.