| Patient Health Questionnaire-4: PHQ-4 [24]
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Ultra-brief screening tool: Subscales for depression (PHQ-2), anxiety (GAD-2), 1 single-item for impairment rating. |
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Domains: Depression, anxiety; time frame: Past 14 days. |
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5 items, 4-point Likert scale from 0 to 3; for PHQ-2 and GAD-2 each 2 items, ranges from 0 to 6. |
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Cut off score: PHQ-2 sum score: ≥3; GAD-2 sum score: ≥3 [24], [25]. |
| Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale:CES-D [27]
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Short version of the CES-D: Frequency of depressive symptoms. |
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Domain: Depression; time frame: Past 7 days. |
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15 items, 4-point Likert scale from 0 to 3; total sum score from 0 to 45. |
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Cut off score: CES-D sum score: ≥18 [27]. |
| Brief Symptom Inventory: BSI [26]
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Short version of the Symptom Checklist 90-R (SCL-90-R): Severity of psychiatric symptoms. |
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Domains: General and specific psychological distress; time frame: Past 7 days. |
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53 items, 5-point Likert scale from 0 to 4; total mean score from 0 to 4. Applied scores in this study: Global severity index (GSI), subscales depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety. |
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Cut off score for GSI, depression, anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety: T scores: ≥0.63 [26]. |
| World Health Organization 5-item Well-Being Index: WHO-5 [28]
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Short depression screening tool of the WHO. |
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Domain: Psychological well-being (mood, interests, energy, sleep, psychomotor functioning); time frame: Past 14 days. |
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5 items, 6-point Likert scale from 0 to 5; total sum score from 0 to 25; higher scores indicating better well-being. |
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Cut off score: WHO-5 sum score <14, clinically relevant depressive state [28]. |
| Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test:AUDIT [29], [30]
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WHO screening tool for alcohol-related problems. |
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Domain: Hazardous and harmful alcohol consumption, and alcohol-related problems; time frame: Past 12 months. |
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10 items, 5-point Likert scale from 0 to 4; total sum score from 0 to 40. Applied scores in this study: AUDIT sum score for any alcohol use disorder, AUDIT-C score for risky alcohol consumption (sum of items 1 to 3). |
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Cut off score: AUDIT sum score: ≥8 for men, ≥5 for women [29]; AUDIT-C score: >4 for men, >3 for women [30]. |
