Table 3. Comparative summary of average concentration and statistics for selected urine variables for chimpanzees and western gorillas.

	Species	Total Average	ANOVA Species	Dry Season	Wet Season	ANOVA Season	Adult Males	Adult Females	Subadult Males	Subadult Females	Juveniles	Infants	ANOVA Age-sex class	ANOVA Interactions
GLUCOSE (g/L)	Pan troglodytes	0.02 [0–1.00]	F1,272 = 1.45 P = 0.230	0.05 [0.00–1.00]	0.00 [0.00]	F1,272 = 0.00 P = 0.944	0.00 [0.00]	0.38 [0.00–1.00]	0.06 [0.00–1.00]	0.09 [0.00–1.00]	0.00 [0.00]	0.00 [0.00]	F5,272 = 1.12 P = 0.348	species*season: F1,272 = 0.00 P = 0.974; species*age/sex class: F5,272 = 0.82 P = 0.538; season*age/sex class: F5,272 = 0.62 P = 0.680
	Gorilla gorilla	0.15 [0.00–20.00]		0.18 [0.00–20.00]	0.07 [0.00–2.50]		0.00 [0.00]	0.38 [0.00–20.00]	0.00 [0.00]	0.19 [0.00–2.50]	0.06 [0.00–2.50]	0.05 [0.00–1.00]
PROTEIN (g/L)	Pan troglodytes	0.14 [0.00–2.00]	F1,268 = 6.65 P = 0.010	0.16 [0.00–2.00]	0.12 [0.00–1.00]	F1,268 = 0.32 P = 0.572	0.15 [0.00–2.00]	0.13 [0.00–1.00]	0.07 [0.00–0.30]	0.20 [0.00–0.30]	0.19 [0.00–1.00]	0.00 [0.00]	F5,268 = 0.98 P = 0.430	species*season: F1,268 = 0.63 P = 0.426; species*age/sex class: F5,268 = 1.18 P = 0.316; season*age/sex class: F5,268 = 0.76 P = 0.581
	Gorilla gorilla	0.05 [0.00–0.30]		0.05 [0.00–0.30]	0.04 [0.00–0.20]		0.04 [0.00–0.30]	0.05 [0.00–0.30]	0.07 [0.00–0.30]	0.03 [0.00–0.20]	0.05 [0.00–0.30]	0.03 [0.00–0.20]
BLOOD (Ery/microL)	Pan troglodytes	1.69 [0.00–80.00]	F1,270 = 0.51 P = 0.474	2.18 [0.00–80.00]	1.22 [0.00–80.00]	F1,270 = 0.00 P = 0.957	0.49 [0.00–10.00]	1.13 [0.00–10.00]	0.56 [0.00–10.00]	8.18 [0.00–80.00]	0.00 [0.00]	40.00 [0.00–80.00]	F5,270 = 8.31, P<<0.001	species*season: F1,270 = 0.18 P = 0.669 species*age/sex class : F5,270 = 5.34 P<<0.001 season*age/sex class: F5,270 = 3.65 P = 0.003
	Gorilla gorilla	3.39 [0.00–80.00]		2.64 [0.00–80.00]	5.31 [0.00–80.00]		0.00 [0.00]	2.31 [0.00–80.00]	4.09 [0–80]	12.31 [0–80]	2.93 [0.00–80.00]	5.56 [0.00–80.00]
LEUKOCYTES (Luc/microL)	Pan troglodytes	15.51 [0.00–500.00]	F1,362 = 25.16 P<<0.001	24.04 [0.00–500.00]	7.09 [0.00–70.00]	F1,256 = 0.75 P = 0.386	17.03 [0.00–500.00]	21.23 [0.00–500.00]	6.39 [0.00–70.00]	6.00 [0.00–15.00]	8.67 [0.00–70.00]	0.00 [0.00]	F5,256 = 2.22 P = 0.053	species*season: F1,256 = 0.00 P = 0.949; species*age/sex class: F5,256 = 1.93 P = 0.090; season*age/sex class: F5,256 = 0.72 P = 0.61
	Gorilla gorilla	33.53 [0.00–125.00]		33.84 [0.00–125.00]	32.77 [0.00–125.00]		15.36 [0.00–70.00]	42.44 [0.00–125.00]	21.19 [0.00–125.00]	36.92 [0.00–125.00]	36.92 [0.00–125.00]	44.71 [0.00–125.00]

In parenthesis the range of maximum and minimum values recorded. Columns named “Anova” show ANOVA's results of the three different factors tested: species, season and age/sex class. See text for details on statistical method.