Table 2.
Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
---|---|---|
Individual level | ||
Age in decades† | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) | <0.001 |
Sex | ||
Male | 1.00 | |
Female | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 0.87 |
Race or ethnic group | ||
White | 1.00 | |
Black | 0.78 (0.70–0.87) | <0.001 |
Hispanic | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | 0.001 |
Other | 0.94 (0.74–1.21) | 0.65 |
Unknown | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) | <0.001 |
Witnessing of cardiac arrest | ||
Unwitnessed | 1.00 | |
Witnessed | 2.01 (1.85–2.17) | <0.001 |
Location of cardiac arrest | ||
Private | 1.00 | |
Public | 1.70 (1.54–1.87) | <0.001 |
Neighborhood level | ||
Median household income and racial composition | ||
≥$40,000 and >80% white | 1.00 | |
≥$40,000 and integrated | 1.03 (0.64–1.65) | 0.90 |
≥$40,000 and >80% black | 0.77 (0.68–0.86) | <0.001 |
<$40,000 and >80% white | 0.65 (0.51–0.82) | <0.001 |
<$40,000 and integrated | 0.62 (0.56–0.70) | <0.001 |
<$40,000 and >80% black | 0.49 (0.41–0.58) | <0.001 |
The predictive accuracy of this model was assessed with the use of measures of calibration and discrimination. The goodness-of-fit P value on Hosmer–Lemeshow testing was 0.23 (calibration), and the area under the receiver- operating-characteristic curve was 0.64 (discrimination) (see the Supplementary Appendix).
For every 10-year increase in age after the age of 18, there was an associated decrease in the likelihood of having bystander-initiated CPR performed.