Table 3.
Characteristics of populations and interventions in the randomised controlled trials assessing clinical outcomes with the use of biocompatible fluids in PD.
| Study ID [reference] | Interventions | No. of patients | Study design | Outcome | Followup | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (incident/prevalent) | (parallel/crossover) (no. of centres) |
RRF | PSTR | UF | Peritonitis | |||
| Neutral pH, lactate-buffered, low-GDP versus acidic pH, lactate-buffered, high-GDP fluids | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Bajo et al. [30] | Balance versus Stay-safe | 33 (I) | Parallel (2) | — | — | — | — | 24 months |
| Johnson et al. [44] | Balance versus Stay-safe | 185 (I) | Parallel (16) | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ↓ | 24 months |
| Kim et al. [36] | Balance versus Stay-safe | 91 (I) | Parallel (4) | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | — | 12 months |
| Kim et al. [45] | Balance versus Stay-safe | 26 (I) | Parallel (2) | — | — | NA | NA | 12 months |
| Szeto et al. [40] | Balance versus Stay-safe | 50 (I) | Parallel (1) | — | NA | — | — | 12 months |
| Williams et al. [43] | Balance versus Stay-safe | 86 (P) | Crossover (22) | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | — | 24 weeks |
| Choi et al. [31] | Balance versus Conventional (Dianeal, Stay-safe) | 104 (P) | Parallel (1) | — | — | ↑ | NA | 12 months |
| Haag-Weber et al. [34] | Gambrosol Trio versus Gambrosol | 69 (I + P) | Parallel (5) | ↑ | — | — | — | 18 months |
| Rippe et al. [39] | Gambrosol Trio versus Gambrosol | 21 (I + P) | Parallel (9) | — | — | NA | — | 24 months |
| Lai et al. [37] | Biocompatible (Balance, Gambrosol Trio, Physioneal) versus Conventional (Dianeal, ANDY-Disc) | 125 (I) | Parallel (4) | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | NA | 2.3 years |
| Fan et al. [32] | Biocompatible (Balance or Physioneal) versus Conventional (Stay-safe or Dianeal) | 118 (I) | Parallel (1) | — | — | — | — | 12 months |
| Srivastava et al. [50] | Biocompatible (Balance or Physioneal) versus Conventional (Stay-safe or Dianeal) | 267 (I) | Parallel (1) | NA | NA | NA | — | ~2.3 years |
|
| ||||||||
| Neutral pH, bicarbonate (±lactate)-buffered, low-GDP versus acidic pH, lactate-buffered, high-GDP fluids | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Fischback et al. [65] | Physioneal (25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate) versus Dianeal | 6 (P) | Cross-over (2) | NA | — | — | NA | 2 days |
| Fusshoeller et al. [17] | Physioneal (25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate) versus Dianeal | 14 (P) | Cross-over (1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12 months |
| John et al. [66] | Physioneal (25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate) versus Dianeal | 10 (P) | Cross-over (1) | NA | NA | — | NA | 2 days |
| Pajek et al. [38] | Physioneal (25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate) versus Dianeal | 21 (P) | Cross-over (1) | — | — | — | NA | 6 months |
| Parikova et al. [48] | Physioneal (25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate) versus Dianeal | 10 (P) | Cross-over (1) | NA | — | — | NA | 2 days |
| Tranaeus [41] | 25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate PD fluid versus 40 mmol/L lactate-buffered PD fluid | 106 (P) | Parallel (17) | — | — | ↑ | ↓ | 12 months |
| Fang et al. [67] | Physioneal (25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate) versus Dianeal | 18 (P) | Cross-over (1) | NA | NA | ↓ | NA | 2 days |
| Mactier et al. [14] | Bicarbonate/lactate (25/15 mmol/L) versus bicarbonate (38 mmol/L) versus lactate (40 mmol/L) | 18 (P) | Cross-over (8) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3 days |
| Coles et al. [68] | Bicarbonate/lactate (25/15 mmol/L) versus bicarbonate (38 mmol/L) versus lactate (40 mmol/L) | 59 (P) | Parallel (5) | NA | — | NA | — | 2 months |
| Feriani et al. [47] | Bicavera (bicarbonate 34 mmol/L) versus lactate (35 mmol/L) | 123 (P) | Parallel (14) | — | NA | NA | — | 24 weeks |
| Haas et al. [35] | Bicavera (bicarbonate 34 mmol/L) versus lactate (35 mmol/L) | 28 (P) | Cross-over (6) | — | ↓ | — | — | 6 months |
| Fernandez-Perpén et al. [33] | Bicavera (bicarbonate 34 mmol/L) versus lactate (35 mmol/L) | 31 (I) | Parallel (2) | — | — | — | — | 24 months |
| Weiss et al. [42] | Bicarbonate (bicarbonate 34 mmol/L) versus lactate (35 mmol/L) | 53 (P) | Cross-over (13) | ↑ | — | — | NA | 6 months |
|
| ||||||||
| Glucose sparing (NEPP) versus acidic pH, lactate-buffered, high-GDP fluids | ||||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Lui [46] | Physioneal (25 mmol/L bicarbonate/15 mmol/L lactate), Extraneal (7.5% icodextrin), Nutrineal (1.1% amino acid) versus Dianeal | 150 (I) | Parallel (8) | — | ↑ | — | — | |
RRF: residual renal function; PSTR: peritoneal solute transport rate; UF: ultrafiltration; NEPP: Nutrineal, Extraneal, Physioneal, and physioneal; ↓: decrease, ↑: increase; —: no change; N/A: not available.