Table 3.
Matched and un-matched logistic regression estimates of the association between environment risk factors and MV/bicyclist collisions.
| Matched OR | 95% CI | Adjustment factors | Un-matched OR | 95% CI | Adjustment factors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traffic volume | ||||||
| Lowa | 1 | Reference | b | 1 | Reference | b |
| Meda | 5.13* | 1.44, 18.27 | Riding fast | 3.49* | 1.37, 8.88 | Age |
| Higha | 2.34 | 0.75, 7.24 | Riding fast | 2.83* | 1.24, 6.42 | Age |
| High speed limit (>30 km/hr) | 3.18 | 0.62, 16.41 | b | 2.59 | 0.87, 7.71 | b |
|
| ||||||
| Land use | ||||||
| Offices | 8.8 | 0.99, 78.16 | b | 3.01 | 0.73, 12.36 | Age, day/time and riding fast |
| Retail | 5.56* | 1.72, 17.98 | Age | 7.54* | 3.15, 18.03 | Age and speed |
| Industry | 2.07 | 0.28, 15.43 | b | 3.70 | 0.48, 28.82 | Age and speed |
| Services | 3.80* | 1.29, 11.69 | b | 2.02 | 0.96, 4.23 | Age |
| Nature | 0.38 | 0.14, 1.00 | Speed | 0.44* | 0.21, 0.91 | b |
|
| ||||||
| Path characteristics (side 1) | ||||||
| Type of path | ||||||
| Sidewalk | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | ||
| No path | 1.66 | 0.14, 19.75 | Age | 1.30 | 0.43, 3.89 | Speed |
| Multi-use path# | 0.63 | 0.16, 2.51 | Age | 1.05 | 0.41, 2.68 | Speed |
| Path location (distance from road) | ||||||
| Within 1 m | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | ||
| Btw 1 and 3 m | 1.02 | 0.26, 3.95 | Sex | 0.40 | 0.14, 1.12 | Age and day/time |
| >3 m | 0.17 | 0.02, 1.53 | Age | 0.16 | 0.02, 1.29 | Age and day/time |
| Sloped path | 1.60 | 0.35, 7.36 | b | 1.14 | 0.35, 3.71 | Riding fast |
| Path obstructions | 1.05 | 0.38, 2.93 | Age | 1.80 | 0.88, 3.70 | b |
|
| ||||||
| Path characteristics (side 2) | ||||||
| Type of path | ||||||
| Sidewalk | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | ||
| No path | 0.38 | 0.12, 1.26 | Riding fast | 0.68 | 0.28, 1.68 | Age and speed |
| Multi-use path# | 0.61 | 0.10, 3.78 | Riding fast | 1.69 | 0.59, 4.85 | Age and speed |
| Sloped path | 0.15 | 0, 1.99 | b | 0.72 | 0.18, 2.98 | Day/time, riding fast and speed |
| Path obstructions | 3.83* | 1.03, 14.25 | b | 2.59* | 1.13, 5.90 | Speed |
|
| ||||||
| Roadway characteristics | ||||||
| Designated bike lane | 0.64 | 0.10, 4.19 | b | 1.83 | 0.42, 8.02 | Day/time, riding fast and age |
| Parking restrictions | 3.88* | 1.31, 11.55 | b | 1.74 | 0.85, 3.55 | Age |
| Curb | ||||||
| Mountable | 1 | Reference | 1 | Reference | ||
| Not mountable | 3.03* | 1.04, 8.82 | Sex | 1.35 | 0.65, 2.82 | Riding fast |
| No curb | 0.84 | 0.13, 5.59 | Sex | 0.55 | 0.12, 2.56 | Riding fast |
| Curb cuts | 2.71 | 0.84, 8.72 | b | 0.82 | 0.38, 1.78 | Riding fast and age |
| Traffic control devices | 2.74* | 1.02, 7.35 | Riding fast | 1.59 | 0.74, 3.45 | Age and day/time |
| Intersection | 6.89* | 1.48, 32.14 | b | 2.83* | 1.11, 7.20 | Age |
| Crossings | 1.68 | 0.62, 4.54 | b | 1.54 | 0.73, 3.26 | Age and day/time |
| Crossing aids | 0.4 | 0.10, 1.52 | b | 0.43 | 0.16, 1.18 | Age and speed |
|
| ||||||
| Safety characteristics | ||||||
| Street lights (side 2) | 2.38 | 0.51, 10.99 | b | 1.54 | 0.43, 5.58 | Age |
| Lighting over path (side 2) | 1.03 | 0.30, 3.53 | b | 1.70 | 0.69, 4.16 | b |
| Destinations | 2.4 | 1.01, 6.00* | Sex | 2.35* | 1.11, 4.97 | Riding fast |
| Aesthetic characteristics | ||||||
| >1 tree/block (side 1) | 3.25 | 0.37, 28.46 | b | 1.71 | 0.63, 4.63 | Riding fast |
| Tall trees (side 1) | 2.27 | 0.26, 20.06 | b | 1.08 | 0.21, 5.45 | Riding fast |
| Natural views | 0.2* | 0.07, 0.69 | Age | 0.43* | 0.21, 0.86 | b |
| Difficult for bicycling | 2.00 | 0.68, 5.92 | b | 1.92 | 0.55, 6.66 | Speed and day/time |
MV: motor vehicle; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval.
*Represents significance based on CI not including the null value.
aLow volume: ≤250 vehicles/hr, medium volume: 250–749 vehicles/hr, high volume: ≥750 vehicles/hr.
bIf model could not accommodate the addition of one or more covariates or there was no evidence of confounding, the crude estimate was retained.