Table 1.

Approaches to prevention interventions

Behavioral approaches

education stigma reduction delay sexual debut decrease in number of partners increased availability and use of condoms harm-reduction strategies, including needle exchange programs

Structural approaches

law and policy development gender equity access to services cash transfer programs decriminalizing determinants of infection targeting programs and services to MSM

Biomedical approaches

treating STIs PMTCT male circumcision antimicrobials/microbicides PEP PrEP treatment as prevention

MSM, men who have sex with men; PEP, post-exposure prophylaxis; STIs, sexually transmitted infections; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission.