Table 5.

Cost of dengue illness by sector, setting, and component, Malaysia*

Sector	Ambulatory			Hospitalized			Indirect deaths	Total
	Indirect	Direct	Total	Indirect	Direct	Total
Estimated costs per case (2009 US$)
Public	176.36	41.96	218.32	200.55	219.16	419.71	53,336.51	343.50
Private	176.36	23.76	200.11	200.55	249.24	449.79	53,336.51	345.57
Total	176.36	33.78	210.14	200.55	232.68	433.22	53,336.51	344.43
Estimated aggregate costs from EF-adjusted dengue cases (58% ambulatory; 2009 US$1,000s)
Public	8,850	2,106	10,956	7,288	7,965	15,253	4,451	30,660
Private	7,223	973	8,196	5,947	7,392	13,339	3,633	25,168
Total	16,073	3,079	19,152	13,235	15,357	28,592	8,084	55,828
Range†			(8,940–117,670)			(23,900–42,600)	(6,470– 9,790)	(44,300–153,200)

^*EF = expansion factor. The unit cost of death reported is the average cost; the actual values were estimated on the basis of the age distribution of reported deaths caused by dengue in 2009 (Ministry of Health Malaysia, unpublished data).

^†The range corresponds to the 95% certainty levels (centered on the median) in our projections, and is given by the simultaneous variation of parameters as indicated in Table 3.²⁷