Table 1.
Frequencies of Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene haplotypes among isolates from four locations in northwestern Brazil*
| Haplotype | Location (date) of isolate collection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acrelândia, Acre (2008–2010) | Plácido de Castro, Acre (2008–2010) | Remansinho, Amazonas (2008–2010) | Granada, Acre (2004–2006) | All locations (2004–2010) | |
| SDLYF | 4 (30.8) | 5 (8.5) | 31 (67.4) | 1 (0.9) | 41 (18.0) |
| SDLYL | 1 (7.9) | 11 (19.0) | 0 | 11 (9.9) | 23 (10.1) |
| SNLYF | 4 (30.8) | 39 (67.2) | 15 (32.6) | 90 (81.1) | 148 64.9) |
| SNLYL | 4 (30.8) | 2 (3.4) | 0 | 6 (5.4) | 12 (5.3) |
| SNLFL | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.8) | 2 (0.9) |
| SNLFF | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.4) |
| SDLFL | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.4) |
| No. samples | 13 | 58 | 46 | 111 | 228 |
*
Values are no. (%). Haplotypes were defined as unique combinations of the following polymorphisms: N89S, N500D, M908L, Y976F, and F1076L (Figure 2). Note that the N89S and M908L changes were found in all isolates.