Table 4.
Economic burden of dengue illness in Nicaragua from 1996 to 2010 by cost type*
| Year | Direct costs in US$ millions (95% CI) | Indirect costs in US$ millions (95% CI) | Total costs in US$ millions (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | 5.4 (3.5–7.6) | 3.7 (2.1–5.5) | 9.0 (6.6–11.8) |
| 1997 | 5.6 (3.7–7.8) | 3.8 (2.2–5.7) | 9.5 (6.9–12.3) |
| 1998 | 13.0 (8.2–18.5) | 9.8 (5.9–14.5) | 22.8 (16.4–30.1) |
| 1999 | 14.2 (9.3–20.0) | 9.7 (6.0–14.2) | 23.8 (17.5–31.0) |
| 2000 | 10.8 (7.3–14.9) | 6.1 (3.7–9.1) | 16.9 (12.4–22.2) |
| 2001 | 7.4 (5.2–10.0) | 6.3 (4.0–8.6) | 13.7 (10.5–17.3) |
| 2002 | 5.2 (3.7–6.9) | 4.8 (3.1–6.8) | 10.0 (7.6–12.6) |
| 2003 | 6.5 (4.6–8.7) | 3.9 (2.4–5.7) | 10.4 (7.8–13.2) |
| 2004 | 3.4 (2.7–4.3) | 1.7 (1.0–2.4) | 5.0 (4.0–6.2) |
| 2005 | 4.8 (3.6–6.4) | 4.1 (2.6–5.6) | 8.9 (6.9–11.1) |
| 2006 | 3.4 (2.6–4.5) | 1.8 (1.1–2.6) | 5.3 (4.1–6.6) |
| 2007 | 4.3 (3.2–5.5) | 4.3 (2.8–5.9) | 8.6 (6.7–10.6) |
| 2008 | 3.4 (2.5–4.4) | 2.6 (1.6–3.7) | 6.0 (4.6–7.5) |
| 2009 | 12.5 (6.8–19.2) | 12.5 (7.4–18.6) | 24.9 (17.0–34.2) |
| 2010 | 13.5 (8.2–19.9) | 14.1 (8.6–20.6) | 27.4 (19.3–36.7) |
*
The years 1998–2000, 2009, and 2010 were considered epidemic years, whereas the remaining years were considered endemic years.
CI = confidence interval.