Table 3.
Overweight prevalence in least and most educated groups for first and last survey year in each country, overweight prevalence difference between least and most educated categories for first and last survey year†, and difference and annualized difference in overweight prevalence growth rates over the survey period between the least and most educated groups.
| Country (First Year, Last Year) | First Year | Last Year | Difference in Overweight Prevalence Growth Rate | Annualized Difference in Overweight Prevalence Growth Rate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Prevalence in Least Educated Group (No Schooling) (SE) | Prevalence in Most Educated Group (≥Secondary School) (SE) | Prevalence Difference (90% CI) | Prevalence in Least Educated Group (No Schooling) (SE) | Prevalence in Most Educated Group (≥Secondary School) (SE) | Prevalence Difference (90% CI) | |||
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| Armenia (2000, 2005) | 38 (1.5) | 40 (2.7) | −2 (−7.2, 3.0) | 40 (1.8) | 28 (3.4) | 11 (5.9, 17.0) | 14 (5.7, 21.4) | 2.7 (1.1, 4.3) |
| Bangladesh (1996, 2007) | 2 (0.3) | 9 (1.3) | −8 (−9.9, −5.6) | 5 (0.6) | 16 (1.2) | −11 (−13.3, −9.4) | −4 (−6.6, −0.7) | −0.3 (−0.6, −0.1) |
| Benin (1996, 2006) | 7 (0.6) | 29 (5.0) | −22 (−30.2, −14.1) | 13 (0.5) | 31 (1.5) | −19 (−21.9, −16.3) | 4 (−4.3, 12.6) | 0.4 (−0.4, 1.3) |
| Bolivia (1994, 2003) | 29 (3.3) | 33 (1.9) | −4 (−10.2, 2.0) | 46 (2.6) | 47 (1.2) | −3 (−8.0, 1.5) | 3 (−4.4, 10.9) | 0.4 (−0.5, 1.2) |
| Burkina Faso (1992/93, 2003) | 5 (0.4) | 32 (3.5) | −26 (−32.2, −20.5) | 6 (0.5) | 34 (3.6) | −30 (−35.6, −23.8) | −2 (−9.7, 6.7) | −0.1 (−0.9, 0.6) |
| Cambodia (2000, 2005) | 5 (0.8) | 7 (1.4) | −1 (−3.7, 1.5) | 8 (1.2) | 12 (1.5) | −3 (−6.8, −0.1) | −2 (−6.7, 1.9) | −0.5 (−1.3, 0.4) |
| Cameroon (1998, 2004) | 8 (1.6) | 33 (2.6) | −25 (−30.2, −19.9) | 10 (1.2) | 39 (1.8) | −29 (−32.4, −25.6) | −4 (−10.2, 2.3) | −0.7 (−1.7, 0.4) |
| Chad (1996/97, 2004) | 4 (0.4) | 20 (2.9) | −16 (−21.3, −11.6) | 6 (0.7) | 24 (4.0) | −17 (−23.9, −10.7) | −1 (−8.8, 7.2) | 1.7 (−0.5, 3.8) |
| Colombia (1995, 2005) | 42 (4.2) | 41 (1.2) | 1 (−6.5, 8.0) | 45 (2.5) | 39 (0.8) | 2 (−6.1, 10.2) | 5 (−3.0, 13.6) | −0.1 (−1.1, 0.9) |
| Cote d’Ivoire (1994, 1998) | 12 (1.0) | 25 (3.6) | −13 (−19.1, −6.6) | 17 (2.0) | 23 (2.8) | −6 (−12.0, −0.1) | 7 (−1.8, 15.4) | 0.5 (−0.3, 1.4) |
| Dominican Republic (1991, 1996) | 24 (4.7) | 29 (2.0) | −4 (−12.5, 3.8) | 35 (3.3) | 39 (1.6) | −4 (−9.9, 1.9) | −0.4 (−9.8, 10.4) | 0.1 (−2.0, 2.1) |
| Egypt, Arab Rep. (1992, 2008) | 48 (1.9) | 70 (2.1) | −22 (−26.4, −17.5) | 70 (1.3) | 78 (0.9) | −8 (−10.4, −5.7) | 14 (8.9, 19.0) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) |
| Ethiopia (2000, 2005) | 2 (0.3) | 12 (1.5) | −10 (−12.7, −7.7) | 2 (0.4) | 16 (3.0) | −14 (−18.5, −8.8) | −3 (−8.9, 2.0) | −0.7 (−1.8, 0.4) |
| Ghana (1993, 2003) | 8 (1.2) | 36 (4.8) | −29 (−36.6, −20.6) | 14 (1.3) | 33 (1.8) | −24 (−28.1, −20.8) | 10 (1.1, 18.6) | 1.0 (0.1, 1.9) |
| Guatemala (1995, 1998/99) | 30 (1.3) | 45 (2.7) | −16 (−20.5, −10.6) | 37 (2.9) | 58 (3.9) | −21 (−28.1, −13.6) | −5 (−13.7, 3.0) | −1.8 (−4.6, 1.0) |
| Guinea (1999, 2005) | 10 (0.6) | 28 (3.2) | −18 (−23.4, −12.6) | 11 (0.9) | 22 (2.9) | −11 (−15.7, −5.4) | 7 (0.0, 14.9) | 1.2 (0.0, 2.5) |
| Haiti (1994/95, 2005/06) | 7 (1.1) | 29 (2.5) | −22 (−26.6, −17.8) | 16 (1.7) | 30 (2.1) | −6 (−12.1, −0.7) | 9 (2.4, 14.8) | 0.8 (0.2, 1.3) |
| India (1998/99, 2005/06) | 5 (0.2) | 15 (0.5) | −9 (−10.0, −8.4) | 5 (0.2) | 17 (0.4) | −13 (−13.5, −12.1) | −4 (−4.6, −2.5) | −0.5 (−0.7, −0.4) |
| Jordan (1997, 2007) | 68 (3.9) | 60 (1.1) | 8 (1.9, 14.8) | 71 (4.8) | 60 (1.6) | 13 (6.6, 19.3) | 2 (−8.4, 12.7) | 0.2 (−0.8, 1.3) |
| Kazakhstan (1995, 1999) | 32 (1.9) | 34 (3.2) | −2 (−7.2, 3.9) | 24 (2.0) | 35 (5.1) | −10 (−18.9, −2.1) | −9 (−18.9, 1.3) | −2.2 (−4.7, 0.3) |
| Kenya (1993, 2003) | 10 (1.4) | 21 (1.9) | −10 (−13.8, −6.5) | 11 (1.8) | 33 (1.9) | −20 (−25.0, −15.7) | −12 (−17.6, − 6.1) | −1.2 (−1.8, −0.6) |
| Madagascar (1997, 2003/04) | 3 (0.8) | 7 (1.2) | −3 (−5.7, −1.1) | 3 (0.7) | 13 (1.3) | −10 (−12.3, −7.3) | −6 (−9.7, −3.1) | −1.1 (−1.6, −0.5) |
| Malawi (1992, 2004) | 8 (0.9) | 36 (4.9) | −29 (−37.0, −20.6) | 12 (0.9) | 19 (1.6) | −9 (−11.5, −5.8) | 22 (13.0, 30.5) | 1.8 (1.1, 2.5) |
| Mali (1995/96, 2006) | 7 (0.6) | 32 (3.7) | −25 (−30.9, −19.0) | 15 (0.8) | 34 (2.4) | −22 (−25.8, −17.5) | 6 (−1.2, 13.2) | 0.5 (−0.1, 1.2) |
| Morocco (1992, 2003) | 29 (1.5) | 43 (3.4) | −14 (−19.9, −8.0) | 38 (1.1) | 43 (1.5) | −4 (−7.6, −1.3) | 10 (2.7, 16.4) | 0.9 (0.2, 1.5) |
| Mozambique (1997, 2003) | 5 (1.1) | 40 (6.1) | −35 (−45.2, −25.0) | 8 (0.6) | 28 (2.7) | −20 (−24.5, −15.5) | 15 (4.0, 26.2) | 2.5 (0.7, 4.4) |
| Namibia (1992, 2006/2007) | 19 (2.4) | 29 (1.9) | −10 (−14.2, −5.0) | 22 (2.2) | 31 (1.3) | −9 (−13.6, −5.4) | 0 (−6.0, 6.3) | 0.0 (−0.4, 0.4) |
| Nepal (1996, 2006) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (1.2) | −4 (−6.3, −2.2) | 5 (0.6) | 11 (1.3) | −9 (−10.8, −6.3) | −2 (−4.8, 1.0) | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.1) |
| Nicaragua (1997/98, 2001) | 40 (1.4) | 43 (1.2) | −3 (−5.8, 0.2) | 45 (1.8) | 51 (1.3) | −7 (−10.4, −3.1) | −4 (−8.7, 0.7) | −1.0 (−2.2, 0.2) |
| Niger (1992, 2006) | 6 (0.6) | 40 (4.2) | −34 (−40.5, −26.5) | 11 (0.8) | 43 (3.0) | −38 (−43.0, −32.9) | 1 (−7.6, 9.8) | 0.1 (−0.5, 0.7) |
| Nigeria (1999–2003) | 22 (1.8) | 27 (2.1) | −5 (−9.1, −0.4) | 12 (1.2) | 31 (2.6) | −18 (−23.1, −13.6) | −14 (−20.0, − 7.2) | −3.4 (−5.0, −1.8) |
| Peru (1992, 2000) | 35 (2.5) | 42 (1.1) | −6 (−10.9, −2.0) | 38 (2.1) | 52 (0.9) | −10 (−13.2, −6.1) | −7 (−12.5, − 1.1) | −0.8 (−1.6, −0.1) |
| Rwanda (2000, 2005) | 11 (1.0) | 30 (2.2) | −19 (−22.7, −14.6) | 11 (1.3) | 24 (2.4) | −13 (−16.9, −8.2) | 6 (0.1, 12.1) | 1.2 (0.0, 2.4) |
| Senegal (1992/93, 2005) | 14 (0.8) | 34 (3.8) | −20 (−25.9, −13.6) | 20 (1.2) | 33 (3.6) | −13 (−18.9, −6.3) | 7 (−1.7, 16.0) | 0.6 (−0.1, 1.2) |
| Tanzania (1992, 2004) | 8 (0.9) | 37 (5.1) | −29 (−36.9, −20.1) | 13 (1.6) | 33 (2.2) | −25 (−28.7, −20.8) | 8 (−1.5, 17.3) | 0.7 (−0.1, 1.4) |
| Turkey (1993, 2003) | 49 (2.9) | 45 (2.4) | 4 (−2.2, 10.0) | 61 (2.9) | 46 (2.2) | 11 (4.5, 16.8) | 11 (2.6, 19.7) | 1.1 (0.3, 2.0) |
| Uganda (1995, 2006) | 5 (1.1) | 17 (2.0) | −11 (−15.2, −7.7) | 11 (2.2) | 24 (3.1) | −16 (−21.1, −10.2) | −2 (−9.0, 5.8) | −0.1 (−0.8, 0.5) |
| Zambia (1992, 2007) | 8 (1.2) | 23 (1.9) | −15 (−18.4, −11.3) | 8 (1.5) | 26 (1.9) | −18 (−21.7, −13.8) | −3 (−8.2, 2.4) | −0.2 (−0.5, 0.2) |
| Zimbabwe(1994, 2005/06) | 15 (2.7) | 29 (2.1) | −14 (−19.6, −8.4) | 21 (3.6) | 28 (1.3) | −7 (−12.3, −2.4) | 8 (0.0, 15.3) | 0.7 (0.0, 1.4) |
Prevalence difference is the overweight prevalence in highest education category (≥secondary school) subtracted from that in least educated group (no formal schooling completed) in each year, so that negative numbers for the prevalence difference indicate a higher overweight prevalence in the most educated education group while positive numbers indicate higher overweight in the lowest education category.
Annualized difference in prevalence growth rate is change in prevalence over the survey period (last year minus first year) for the most educated group subtracted from that in the least educated group divided by the number of years between the first and last survey years in each country. Negative numbers indicate faster overweight prevalence growth for the most educated group in comparison to the lowest, while positive numbers indicate faster overweight prevalence growth for the lowest group.
The least educated group consists of subjects who report no formal schooling completed, expect in Armenia and Kazakhstan where less than 1% of the population reported no formal schooling, so the lowest education group in these countries consists of subjects who report completing primary school only.