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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neurochem Int. 2012 Oct 13;61(8):1255–1265. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2012.10.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Diagram of proposed mechanisms underlying the dual roles of NF-κB signaling in ischemic stroke. Mediated by three X-chromosome linked genes (BTK, IRAK-1, and NEMO) upon ischemic insults, NF-κB translocates into the nucleus and regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. NF-κB also interacts with XIAP to exert inhibitory effect on JNK and caspase mediated apoptosis.