Table 1.

Partial summary of HLM for 12 life sciences courses^a

	Physiology		Biochemistry			Molecular biology		Organic chemistry				Genetics
	431	432	401	461	462	201	301	251	252	351	352	341
R2	0.390	0.628	0.316	0.465	0.600	0.429	0.412	0.368	0.516	0.250	0.522	0.381
N (approximate class size)	5728 (350–500)	5185 (300–500)	4161 (150)	6381 (350)	5768 (350)	1466 (300)	4890 (200)	13,494 (350)	11,313 (350)	2068 (200)	2083 (175)	7337 (250)
β values for:
Entering GPA	0.565	0.315	0.568	0.662	0.336	0.636	0.623	0.538	0.381	0.428	0.387	0.580
First series of course	N/A	0.528	N/A	N/A	0.491	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.389	N/A	0.392	N/A
Female	−0.133	−0.032	−0.053	−0.067	INSIG	INSIG	−0.074	−0.092	−0.026	−0.061	INSIG	−0.021
Major	0.114	0.036	N/A	0.072	0.027	N/A	0.085	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Unstandardized coefficient for:
Female	−0.303	−0.072	−0.117	−0.135	INSIG	INSIG	−0.165	−0.224	−0.067	−0.139	INSIG	−0.044
Major	0.289	0.088	N/A	0.397	0.130	N/A	0.293	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

^aAdjusted R² represents the decimal percent of variance explained. Major represents those students who are majoring in that subject (e.g., biochemistry majors for BC 461 or physiology majors for PHY 431). Both Gender and Major are dummy variables, so the unstandardized coefficient represents the difference between being in the category or not. N/A = Not applicable. INSIG = Not significant.