Confocal luminescence images of microsphere-UPNBs complexes under 400 nm (c, f, i, l) (for cascade blue dye) and 980 nm (b, e, h, k) (for UPNBs with different codes) laser excitatioin: specific (a–c) and nonspecific (d–e) binding between cascade blue labeled goat anti-mouse lgG with mouse lgG conjugated UPNBs (code number: 147); specific (g–i) and nonspecific (j–l) binding between cascade blue labeled goat anti-rabbit lgG with rabbit lgG conjugated UPNBs (code number: 114).