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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biotechnol J. 2011 Sep 20;7(2):213–224. doi: 10.1002/biot.201100061

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Normal metabolic routes to succinate in wild type E. coli. The aerobic metabolism does not produce succinate as a final product unless the glyoxylate bypass is in operation. The anaerobic metabolism produces the mixed acid fermentation products, ethanol, acetate, formate, lactate and succinate, while the TCA cycle does not function.