HNSC graft–derived cells express behaviorally induced Arc in the irradiated hippocampus. Irradiated animals engrafted with hNSCs and subjected to a hippocampal-dependent novelty exploration task at 1 month postgrafting were rapidly processed for the isolation and analysis of brain tissues. Engrafted hNSCs (BrdUrd + cells, green; A, C, G, and K) + differentiated into NeuN-positive mature neurons (blue; A, D, H, and L) and expressed Arc (red; A, B, F, and J) as visualized by the triple labeling of neuron- and Arc-specific markers (A, E, I, and M). Arrows indicate triple-labeled cells. Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B–M, 10 μm.