Table 1. Patients' demographic data and clinical characteristics.
| All patients (n = 190) | Survivors (n = 51) | Non-survivors (n = 139) | p-value | |
| Age (years) | 58±1 | 58±2 | 59±1 | NS (0.738) |
| Gender (M/F) | 141/49 | 41/10 | 100/39 | NS (0.238) |
| Length of ICU stay (days) | 9±9 | 6±4 | 10±11 | <0.001 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 25±25 | 32±33 | 23±21 | 0.067 |
| Serum Creatinine, ICU first day (mg/dL) | 3.2±2.4 | 2.5±2.2 | 3.6±2.4 | 0.005 |
| MAP, ICU admission (mmHg) | 73±18 | 86±16 | 69±17 | <0.001 |
| Glasgow coma scale, ICU admission | 9±5 | 10±5 | 9±5 | NS (0.104) |
| Leukocytes, ICU first day (g/dL) | 12.8±8.0 | 10.0±5.8 | 13.9±8.5 | 0.001 |
| Haemoglobin, ICU first day (g/dL) | 9.2±2.2 | 9.0±1.9 | 9.2±2.4 | NS (0.480) |
| Albumin, ICU first day (g/dL) | 2.5±0.5 | 2.6±0.6 | 2.4±0.5 | NS (0.130) |
| Sodium, ICU first day (mmol/L) | 135±17 | 138±9 | 134±19 | NS (0.151) |
| Bilirubin, ICU first day (umol/L) [median] | 11.2 [5.4] | 4.6 [3.1] | 13.6 [8.7] | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time INR, ICU first day [median] | 2.8 [2.3] | 1.9 [1.6] | 3.1 [2.3] | 0.002 |
| AST, ICU first day (units/L) [median] | 530 [94] | 133 [67] | 678 [100] | 0.008 |
| ALT, ICU first day (units/L) [median] | 182 [45] | 56 [32] | 228 [53] | 0.002 |
| Platelets, ICU first day (×109/L) [median] | 95 [73] | 91 [73] | 97 [69] | NS (0.645) |
| DM (Yes/No) | 52/138 | 14/37 | 38/101 | NS (0.988) |
| Previous ascites (Yes/No) | 94/96 | 20/31 | 74/65 | NS (0.087) |
| Previous SBP (Yes/No) | 39/150 | 8/43 | 31/107 | NS (0.307) |
| Previous hepatic encephalopathy (Yes/No) | 116/74 | 29/22 | 87/52 | NS (0.473) |
| Previous EV bleeding (Yes/No) | 86/104 | 23/28 | 63/76 | NS (0.978) |
| Previous peptic ulcer bleeding (Yes/No) | 59/131 | 17/34 | 42/97 | NS (0.681) |
| Previous hepatoma (Yes/No) | 59/131 | 10/41 | 49/90 | 0.039 |
| Previous renal failure (Yes/No) | 57/133 | 17/34 | 40/99 | NS (0.544) |
| Respiratory failure, ICU first day (Yes/No) | 37/153 | 4/47 | 33/106 | 0.014 |
| Sepsis, ICU admission (\Yes/No) | 71/119 | 11/40 | 60/79 | 0.006 |
| Child-Pugh points (mean± SD) | 11.8±2.1 | 11.0±2.4 | 12.0±2.0 | 0.036 |
| MELD score (mean ± SD) | 33.2±1.1 | 24.7±8.8 | 35.8±11.3 | <0.001 |
| APACHE II (mean ± SD) | 25.5±0.77 | 20.9±6.9 | 26.9±8.5 | 0.001 |
| APACHE III (mean ± SD) | 106.0±3.19 | 77.9±29.1 | 114.7±32.6 | <0.001 |
| SOFA (mean ± SD) | 11.6±0.3 | 8.06±2.8 | 12.9±3.7 | <0.001 |
Abbreviation: M, male; F, female; ICU, intensive care unit; MAP, mean arterial pressure; INR, international normalized ratio; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; DM, diabetes mellitus; SBP, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; EV, esophageal varices; SD, standard derivation; NS, not significant; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.