Table 2. Causes of cirrhosis, reasons for ICU admission and presumptive causes of AKI.
| All patients (%) | Survivors (%) | Non-survivors (%) | p | |
| Causes of cirrhosis | ||||
| Alcoholic | 33 (17) | 15 (29) | 18 (13) | 0.005 |
| Hepatitis B | 60 (32) | 6 (12) | 54 (39) | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis C | 39 (20) | 11 (22) | 28 (20) | NS (0.716) |
| Alcoholic+Hepatitis B | 14 (7) | 8 (16) | 6 (4) | 0.006 |
| Alcoholic+Hepatitis C | 3 (2) | 1 (2) | 2 (1) | NS (0.771) |
| Hepatitis B+Hepatitis C | 5 (3) | 1 (2) | 4 (3) | NS (0.755) |
| Alcoholic+Hepatitis B+Hepatitis C | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | NS (1.000) |
| Other causesa | 35 (17) | 9 (18) | 26 (19) | NS (0.868) |
| Primary ICU admission | ||||
| Severe UGI bleeding | 46 (24) | 18 (35) | 28 (20) | NS (0.031) |
| Severe sepsis | 34 (18) | 5 (10) | 29 (21) | NS (0.078) |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 25 (13) | 11 (22) | 14 (10) | 0.038 |
| Respiratory failure | 10 (5) | 3 (6) | 7 (5) | NS (0.817) |
| AKI require renal replacement | 11 (6) | 2 (4) | 9 (6) | NS (0.504) |
| Othersb | 64 (35) | 12 (24) | 52 (37) | NS (0.073) |
| Presumptive etiology of AKI | ||||
| Pre-renal failure | 31 (16) | 13 (25) | 18 (13) | 0.038 |
| Infection-induced AKI | 51 (27) | 5 (10) | 46 (33) | 0.001 |
| Parenchymal renal diseases | 11 (6) | 5 (10) | 6 (4) | NS (0.151) |
| Acute tubular necrosis | 17 (9) | 3 (6) | 14 (10) | NS (0.370) |
| Nephrotoxic acute renal failure | 9 (5) | 6 (12) | 3 (2) | 0.006 |
| HRS type I/type II/total | 10/17/27 (14) | 1/2/3 (6) | 9/15/24 (17) | 0.046 |
| Othersc | 44 (23) | 16 (31) | 28 (20) | NS (0.104) |
Abbreviation: UGI, upper gastrointestinal; AKI, acute kidney injury; NS, not significant; ICU, intensive care unit; HRS, hepatorenal syndrome.
a
Primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, and other unknown causes.
b
Pancreatitis, hepatoma rupture, unknown cause, or multifactor related.
c
Mixed type, unknown cause, or multifactor related.