Fig. 13.

Effect of elcatonin on BMD and pain associated with vertebral fracture. a Percent change in lumbar spine BMD. Solid line is elcatonin (20 units per week) with 0.6 g calcium lactate and broken line is control (calcium lactate only). Data are mean ± SE. Numerals in parentheses denote number of patients. Comparison within groups: Student’s paired t-test, #p < 0.05; between groups: Student’s unpaired t-test, *p < 0.05. Orimo H [16] (Copyright© 1996 Springer Science + Business Media BV). b Percent change in pain associated with getting up evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS). Solid line is elcatonin (20 units per week, n = 44) and broken line is control (untreated, n = 42). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, NS not significant. Mann–Whitney U test, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 (Nakano [17])