Table 2.
HIV mother-to-child transmission risk in the 1999–2008 and 2009–2011 periods, by prenatal antiretroviral, delivery route, and infant feeding prevention strategies, Dominican Republic.
| All perinatally exposed | 142/1,274 (11.1%) | 12/302 (4.0%)* |
| Any maternal antiretrovirals | 54/861 (6.3) | 10/267 (3.7) |
| HAART1 all | 4/157 (2.5) | 5/174 (2.9) |
| AZT + 3TC + NVP2 | 4/157 (2.5) | 0/59 |
| AZT + 3TC + Lopinavir/r3 | — | 5/115 (4.3) |
| Non-HAART multidose | 4/80 (5.0) | — |
| AZT-containing regimen | ||
| Single-dose NVP ALL | 32/506 (6.3) | 3/60 (5.0) |
| 8 hours precaesarean | 25/395 (6.3) | 0/2 |
| Labor onset | 5/78 (6.4) | — |
| At delivery | 2/30 (6.7) | — |
| Unspecified | — | 3/58 (5.2) |
| Unknown | 14/211 (11.6) | 2/30 (6.7) |
| None | 88/413 (21.3)† | 2/35 (5.7)* |
|
| ||
| Delivery | ||
| Vaginal | 68/285 (23.9)† | 6/80 (7.5)* |
| Caesarean | 60/882 (6.8) | 5/199 (2.5)* |
| Unknown | 14/107 (13.1) | 1/23 (4.3)* |
|
| ||
| Infant antiretrovirals | ||
| Single-dose Nevirapine (SD NVP) | 48/782 (6.1) | 1/41 (2.4) |
| SD-NVP after 72 hours | 1/13 (7.6) | — |
| Zidovudine for six weeks | 7/139 (5.0) | 7/126 (5.6) |
| Unknown/other/none | 32/340 (9.4)† | 4/135 (3.0) |
|
| ||
| Infant feeding | ||
| Breast fed only | 25/67 (37.3) | 0/2 |
| Mixed | 16/43 (37.2) | 0/4 |
| Formula only | 79/972 (8.1)† | 11/271 (4.1)* |
| Unknown | 22/192 (11.5) | 1/25 (4.0)* |
*P < .05, comparison by time period, 1999–2008 versus 2009–2011.
† P < .01 within period, by strategy.
1Highly active antiretroviral therapy.
2AZT-3TC-NVP: zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine.
3AZT-3TC-Lop/r: zidovudine, lamivudine, lopinavir (ritonavir boosted).