Table 3.
Outcome measures for overground and treadmill running
| OG mean ± SD | TM mean ± SD | ICC(3,1)(95%CI) | Mean diff (LOA) diff (lowLim, upLim) | RLOA (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fz1 (BW) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HS |
Slow |
1.67 ± 0.26 |
1.70 ± 0.23 |
0.74 (0.37, 0.91) |
0.03 (−0.32, 0.38) |
20.8 |
| |
Preferred |
1.94 ± 0.45 |
1.93 ± 0.30 |
0.71 (0.35, 0.89) |
−0.01 (−0.57, 0.55) |
28.8 |
| |
Fast |
1.94 ± 0.25 |
2.06 ± 0.32 |
0.76 (0.35, 0.92) |
0.12 ( −0.28, 0.52) |
19.9 |
|
Fz2 (BW) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HS |
Slow |
2.54 ± 0.20 |
2.53 ± 0.18 |
0.77 (0.49, 0.91) |
−0.02 (−0.27, 0.23) |
9.9 |
| |
Preferred |
2.70 ± 0.26 |
2.65 ± 0.25 |
0.89 (0.76, 0.96) |
−0.03 (−0.25, 0.17) |
7.9 |
| |
Fast |
2.77 ± 0.24 |
2.70 ± 0.22 |
0.86 (0.67, 0.95) |
−0.06 (−0.27, 0.15) |
7.8 |
| NHS |
Slow |
2.56 ± 0.17 |
2.55 ± 0.20 |
|
|
|
| |
Preferred |
2.61 ± 0.15 |
2.58 ± 0.13 |
|
|
|
| |
Fast |
2.79 ± 0.15 |
2.78 ± 0.20 |
|
|
|
|
LR (BW/s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HS |
Slow |
81.11 ± 25.62 |
87.28 ± 23.39 |
0.76 (0.47, 0.90) |
3.25 (−28.62, 35.12) |
39.9 |
| |
Preferred |
95.34 ± 26.67 |
105. 33 ± 25.08 |
0.80 (0.57, 0.91) |
6.11 (−26.21, 38.42) |
34.3 |
| |
Fast |
104.40 ± 29.29 |
118.08 ± 33.73 |
0.70 (0.36, 0.88) |
7.17 (−37.69, 52.02) |
42.7 |
| NHS |
Slow |
70.03 ± 14.68 |
65.09 ± 13.74 |
|
|
|
| |
Preferred |
77.00 ± 22.35 |
74.25 ± 16.47 |
|
|
|
| |
Fast |
95.81 ± 26.02 |
87.41 ± 18.74 |
|
|
|
|
ALR (BW/s) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HS |
Slow |
68.89 ± 20.26 |
73.92 ± 20.22 |
0.84 (0.63, 0.93) |
2.98 (−24.74, 30.70) |
45.3 |
| |
Preferred |
82.14 ± 21.38 |
88.70 ± 20.75 |
0.89 (0.74, 0.95) |
3.60 (−23.01, 30.21) |
36.4 |
| |
Fast |
90.70 ± 23.66 |
100.77 ± 29.10 |
0.86 (0.67, 0.95) |
4.08 (−31.26, 39.42) |
45.4 |
| NHS |
Slow |
33.96 ± 6.07 |
31.21 ± 5.01 |
|
|
|
| |
Preferred |
47.09 ± 22.92 |
33.78 ± 4.20 |
|
|
|
| |
Fast |
43.63 ± 13.89 |
36.00 ± 4.20 |
|
|
|
|
tFz1 (ms) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HS |
Slow |
35 ± 4.08 |
35 ± 4.86 |
0.76 (0.40, 0.92) |
0.0 ( −5.4, 5.4) |
15.5 |
| |
Preferred |
34 ± 4.42 |
34 ± 3.35 |
0.82 (0.56, 0.93) |
0.3 ( −4.4, 5.0) |
13.8 |
| |
Fast |
32 ± 5.00 |
33 ± 4.88 |
0.87 (0.61, 0.96) |
0.6 ( −3.7, 4.8) |
13.0 |
|
tFz2 (ms) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HS |
Slow |
112 ± 13.55 |
109 ± 10.22 |
0.84 (0.63, 0.94) |
−1.8 (−15.4, 11.8) |
12.6 |
| |
Preferred |
102 ± 13.28 |
100 ± 12.19 |
0.94 (0.85, 0.97) |
−1.6 (−10.1, 6.8) |
8.5 |
| |
Fast |
99 ± 10.00 |
96 ± 11.47 |
0.87 (0.68, 0.95) |
−3.0 (−13.5, 7.5) |
11.0 |
| NHS |
Slow |
102 ± 13.00 |
103 ± 15.00 |
|
|
|
| |
Preferred |
99 ± 12.00 |
98 ± 11.00 |
|
|
|
| |
Fast |
92 ± 80 0 |
91 ± 10.00 |
|
|
|
|
CT (ms) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| HS |
Slow |
258 ± 22.00 |
254 ± 21.13 |
0.92 (0.80, 0.97) |
−4.0 (−21.4, 13.4) |
6.9 |
| |
Preferred |
232 ± 23.34 |
232 ± 20.49 |
0.92 (0.82, 0.97) |
−2.0 (−17.2, 13.2) |
6.6 |
| |
Fast |
223 ± 21.00 |
220 ± 21.14 |
0.95 (0.87, 0.98) |
−3.3 (−15.6, 9.1) |
5.7 |
| NHS |
Slow |
240 ± 17.00 |
237 ± 19.00 |
|
|
|
| |
Preferred |
229 ± 12.00 |
222 ± 12.00 |
|
|
|
| Fast | 213 ± 12.00 | 206 ± 12.00 | ||||
Intraclass correlations, mean-differences with limits of agreement (LOA), and ratio limits of agreement (RLOA) were reported. Both HS and NHS runners were taken into account in the statistical analysis. Number of participants: HS (slow: N=14, preferred: N=16, fast: N=12), NHS (slow: N=5, preferred: N=5, fast: N=6).
HS: Heelstrike-runner, NHS: Non-Heelstrike-runner, CI: Confidence Interval, LOA: Limit of Agreement, RLOA: Ratio Limit of Agreement, OG: Overground, TM: Treadmill, BW: Body Weight.
Slow running speed: HS runners: 11.0 ± 1.3 km·h-1, NHS runners: 10.9 ± 1.5 km·h-1.
Preferred running speed: HS runners: 12.7 ± 1.6 km·h-1, NHS runners: 11.8 ± 1.5 km·h-1.
Fast running speed: HS runners: 14.1 ± 2.0 km·h-1, NHS runners: 13.9 ± 1.9 km·h-1.