Table 2.
Odds ratios (99% confidence intervals) of a concentration in the top quartile of each protein associated with duration of ventilation after adjustment for gestational age, placental inflammation*, and antenatal corticosteroids. The two data columns on the left present the results among the entire sample (N=726). The two data columns on the right present the results among the newborns who did not have bacteremia during the first two postnatal weeks (N=597). The referent group for each set of analyses consists of infants who were ventilated less than 7 days. Statistically significantly elevated odds ratios are bolded, whereas as statistically significantly reduced odds ratios are bolded and italicized.
| Protein | Total sample | Bacteremia-free sample | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vent 7-13 days | Vent 14 days | Vent 7-13 days | Vent 14 days | |
| Indicators of systemic inflammation | ||||
| CRP | 2.1 (1.1, 4.0) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.8) | 1.8 (0.9, 4.0) | 1.6 (0.8, 3.1) |
| SAA | 1.9 (1.03, 3.6) | 1.6 (0.9, 2.9) | 2.4 (1.1, 4.9) | 1.5 (0.8, 3.0) |
| MPO | 1.4 (0.8, 2.7) | 1.7 (0.9, 3.0) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.1) | 1.9 (0.97, 3.5) |
| Cytokines and receptors | ||||
| IL-1β | 1.6 (0.8, 3.0) | 1.9 (1.03, 3.4) | 1.4 (0.7, 3.0) | 1.9 (1.0, 3.6) |
| IL-6 | 1.5 (0.8, 2.9) | 1.8 (1.01, 3.4) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) | 2.0 (1.01, 3.8) |
| IL-6R | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 1.1 (0.5, 2.2) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.1) |
| TNF-α | 2.0 (1.02, 3.9) | 2.7 (1.5, 5.1) | 1.9 (0.9, 4.0) | 2.9 (1.4, 5.6) |
| TNF-R1 | 1.5 (0.7, 2.9) | 2.8 (1.5, 5.3) | 1.3 (0.6, 3.0) | 2.8 (1.5, 5.6) |
| TNF-R2 | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) | 1.5 (0.8, 2.8) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.7) | 1.4 (0.7, 2.7) |
| Chemokines | ||||
| IL-8 (CXCL8) | 2.6 (1.3, 5.2) | 3.5 (1.8, 6.6) | 2.4 (1.1, 5.2) | 3.5 (1.7, 7.0) |
| MCP-1 (CCL2) | 2.0 (0.97, 4.0) | 4.5 (2.3, 8.6) | 1.9 (0.9, 4.3) | 4.0 (2.0, 8.0) |
| MCP-4 (CCL13) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.3) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.4) |
| MIP-1β (CCL4) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.8) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.8) |
| RANTES (CCL5) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.05) | 0.2 (0.1, 0.4) |
| I-TAC ( CXCL11) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.5) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.0) |
| Adhesion molecules | ||||
| ICAM-1 (CD54) | 3.7 (1.7, 7.8) | 8.0 (3.9, 17) | 3.0 (1.2, 7.6) | 10 (4.5, 24) |
| ICAM-3 (CD50) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.9) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.3) | 1.1 (0.6, 2.0) |
| VCAM-1 (CD106) | 1.0 (0.5, 1.8) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.7) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.6) |
| E-SEL (CD62E) | 1.3 (0.7, 2.5) | 1.8 (0.97, 3.2) | 1.3 (0.6, 2.8) | 2.0 (1.04, 3.8) |
| Matrix metalloproteinases | ||||
| MMP-1 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.1) | 0.3 (0.2, 0.6) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) |
| MMP-9 | 2.1 (1.1, 3.9) | 1.9 (1.02, 3.5) | 2.1 (0.99, 4.3) | 2.1 (1.1, 4.0) |
| Angiogenic proteins | ||||
| VEGF | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.9) | 1.0 (0.5, 2.0) | 0.5 (0.3, 1.03) |
| VEGF-R1 | 1.4 (0.7, 2.6) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.2) | 1.5 (0.7, 3.0) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.2) |
| VEGF-R2 | 1.4 (0.8, 2.6) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.5) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.5) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.5) |
| IGFBP-1 | 0.8 (0.4,, 1.5) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.7) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.4) | 0.9 (0.5, 1.8) |
Inflammation: grade 3 and stage 3 chorionic plate inflammation, or grade 3 external membrane inflammation, or grade 3 or higher umbilical cord inflammation, or neutrophilic infiltration into fetal stem vessels in the chorionic plate