Figure 4. wBmxR1 and wBmxR2 bind the upstream promoter region of several genes.

In electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), FAM-labeled DNA probes derived from the upstream region of ribA, virB8-1, virB3, virB4-2, virB8-2, virB9-2, sodA, wBmxR1 and wBmxR2, and were incubated with (+) or without (–) protein and loaded onto a 6% DNA retardation gel. (A) EMSA using wBmxR1. (B) EMSA using wBmxR2. Arrowheads indicate shifted bands. Bands were visualized using a Typhoon scanner. (C) Summary of the EMSA of wBmxR1 and wBmxR2. The EMSA data from the previously characterized EcxR is included for comparison [29]. Positive gel shift is shown as ‘+’; no gel shift ‘−’; ‘na’, not applicable.