Table 1. Currently known granzyme B functions.
Functions resulting in cytotoxicity | Non-cytotoxic functions |
---|---|
Cleavage of aspartic acid residues80 |
Cleavage of extracellular matrix proteins17-19 |
Target cell DNA fragmentation and caspase activation81-83 |
Cleavage of cell-surface receptors20-22 |
BID cleavage84 and processing of caspase 385 |
Regulatory functions23,24,45 |
AICD in T cells86-88 and NK cells41 |
Pro-inflammatory activity89 |
|
Proteolysis of Von-Willebrandt factor25 and plasmin26 |
|
Direct suppression of viral replication59,90 |
|
Cleavage of autoantigens91 |
|
Cleavage of IL-1α92 |
AICD, activation-induced cell death; IL-1α, interleukin-1α; NK, natural killer.