Table 1.

Summary of the effects of select immune signaling molecules on proliferation, survival and neuronal differentiation of new cells in the hippocampus.

	Proliferation	Survival	Neuronal differentiation	Astrocyte differentiation	References
IL-6	↓	↓	↓		Monje et al. (2003) Vallieres et al. (2002
IL-1beta	↓		↓	↑	Green et al. (2012) Koo and Duman (2008)
TNF-alpha	↓		↓	↑	Keohane et al. (2010) Iosif et al. (2006) Johansson et al. (2008) Seguin et al. (2009)
Prostaglandins		↓			Bastos et al. (2008) Keene et al. (2009) Monje et al. (2003)
TGF-beta		↑	↑		Battista et al. (2006) Mathieu et al. (2010)
IL-4			↑		Butovsky et al. (2006)
IL-10	↑				Cacci et al. (2008) Kiyota et al. (2011)

Note: ↓ indicates a reduction and ↑ indicates and increase. Cells that are left blank indicate that the effects are currently unknown.