Table 3.
Sample characteristics a
| Insurance source |
Health shock |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spouse employer (non-ECHI) |
ECHI | Healthy | Cancer | Lung | Hospb | SRDc | |
| N | 203 (1) |
1,379 (2) |
1,140 (3) |
72 (4) |
35 (5) |
245 (6) |
196 (7) |
| Employed at 2nd interview |
82% | 82% | 84% | 85% | 80% | 76%*** | 75%*** |
| Health insurance at 2nd interview | *** | ||||||
| Uninsured | 2% | 3% | 3% | 0 | 3% | 3% | 6% |
| ECHI | 24% | 76% | 70% | 71% | 63% | 66% | 67% |
| Spouse | 64% | 4% | 11% | 14% | 11% | 13% | 13% |
| Government | 1% | 2% | 2% | 4% | 3% | 2% | 3% |
| Privately purchased | 0% | 2% | 2% | 1% | 0 | 2% | 3% |
| Other | 9% | 12% | 12% | 10% | 20% | 14% | 10% |
| ECHI covers spouse | 6% | 65%*** | 58% | 50% | 57% | 57% | 59% |
| ECHI covers other | 1% | 38%*** | 34% | 28% | 34% | 32% | 30% |
| Age | |||||||
| Age under 40 | 0 | 1% | 1% | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Age 40-59 | 70% | 67% | 67% | 61% | 60% | 68% | 72% |
| Age 60-63 | 30% | 32% | 32% | 39% | 40% | 32% | 28% |
| Nonwhite | 9% | 9% | 8% | 14% | 6% | 11% | 14%** |
| Education | *** | ||||||
| High school or less | 61% | 60% | 57% | 61% | 68% | 61% | 77% |
| Some college | 5% | 5% | 6% | 4% | 6% | 4% | 4% |
| College degree | 34% | 35% | 37% | 35% | 26% | 35% | 19% |
| Annual income | ** | *** | |||||
| Under $20k | 1% | 1% | 1% | 1% | 0 | 1% | 1% |
| $20k-$75k | 37% | 47% | 44% | 36% | 60% | 47% | 60% |
| Over $75k | 62% | 52% | 55% | 63% | 40% | 52% | 39% |
| Physical job | 33% | 35% | 34% | 31% | 51%** | 31% | 42%** |
| Stressful job | 54% | 64%*** | 62% | 64% | 54% | 63% | 64% |
| Public sector job | 4% | 5% | 5% | 3% | 3% | 4% | 4% |
| Part-time job | 14% | 4%*** | 5% | 3% | 9% | 5% | 6% |
| Employer size | *** | ||||||
| Under 25 employees | 32% | 13% | 16% | 14% | 17% | 16% | 15% |
| 25-99 | 17% | 10% | 11% | 7% | 6% | 9% | 13% |
| 100 or more | 51% | 77% | 73% | 79% | 77% | 75% | 72% |
| Spouse | |||||||
| Employed | 96% | 60%*** | 65% | 65% | 60% | 64% | 60% |
| Part-time work | 10% | 20%*** | 21% | 11%** | 14% | 11%*** | 12%*** |
| Retired | 2% | 14%*** | 12% | 15% | 11% | 16%* | 11% |
| Poor health | 7% | 15%*** | 13% | 7% | 14% | 16% | 20%*** |
| Over 65 | 2% | 4% | 3% | 4% | 14%*** | 7%*** | 4% |
Notes: ECHI=employment contingent health insurance.
*
Significance: p<.1
**
p<.05
***
p<.01 (columns (2) vs. (1) and columns (4)-(7) vs. (3)).
a
Except where specified, all characteristics refer to the 1st interview.
b
Hospitalized for at least two nights or on two separate occasions between 1st and 2nd interviews.
c
Decline in self-report of health from good or better to fair or poor.