Table 2.

Relative and absolute values of EGP and supporting fluxes after a three-day high-fat diet (HFD). EGP was measured using the dilution of [3,4-13C2]glucose in plasma glucose by 13C NMR. Fractional sources of blood glucose were determined by the deuterium (2H) enrichments in glucose H2, H5 and H6s positions using 2H NMR analysis. Fluxes relative to citrate synthase flux (CS) were based on glucose C5 resonance analysis by 13C NMR. Notations for fluxes, v1 – v7, are illustrated in Figure 4. Values represent mean ± SE for n=9 unless otherwise specified.

	Control	HFD
EGP (v1,mmol/kg/min)	79.9 ± 6.0	83.8 ± 5.9
Fractional sources of blood glucose
Glycogen	0.48 ± 0.02	0.41 ± 0.02
Glycerol	0.15 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01§
PEP	0.37 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.02
Fluxes relative to citrate synthase
gluconeogenesis/CS (v4/v7)	0.33 ± 0.06 (n=7)	0.46 ± 0.05
(PK+ME)/CS (v5/v7)	1.20 ± 0.13 (n=7)	1.42 ± 0.06
PEPCK/CS (v6/v7)	1.53 ± 0.15 (n=7)	1.88 ± 0.09§
Derived fluxes (mmol/kg/min)
Glycogenolysis, v2	38.7 ± 3.9	35.3 ± 3.8
Glycerol→glucose,v3	23.7 ± 1.6	31.2 ± 2.7*
PEP → glucose, v4	58.7 ± 5.1	65.8 ± 5.4
PEP or malate→ pyruvate, v5	231.3 ± 34.1 (n=7)	239.0 ± 45.2
OAA → PEP, v6	288.9 ± 36.1(n=7)	304.8 ± 49.5
OAA → citrate, v7	207.5 ± 42.8 (n=7)	168.2 ± 29.4

^§p = 0.05

^*significantly different from controls (p < 0.05).