Table 6.
Maternal risk factors by census dissemination area income quintile
| |
Census dissemination area average income quintile |
|
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (highest) | 2-sided p | |
| n |
11444 |
11510 |
11953 |
12163 |
11969 |
|
| |
|
|
n (%) |
|
|
|
| Smoking during pregnancy |
690 (6) |
807 (7) |
815 (7) |
698 (6) |
468 (4) |
<0.0001 |
| Maternal age |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| <20 |
269 (2) |
211 (2) |
201 (2) |
144 (1) |
102 (1) |
<0.0001 |
| 20–35 |
8714 (76) |
8667 (75) |
8827 (74) |
8738 (72) |
7729 (65) |
|
| ≥ 35 |
2461 (22) |
2632 (23) |
2925 (24) |
3281 (27) |
4138 (35) |
|
| Parity ≥ 1 |
5713 (50) |
5643 (49) |
5979 (50) |
6119 (50) |
6089 (51) |
.0760 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Underweight (<18.5) |
1092 (10) |
878 (8) |
772 (6) |
691 (6) |
665 (6) |
<0.0001 |
| Normal weight (18.5–25) |
7190 (63) |
7167 (62) |
7355 (62) |
7727 (64) |
8279 (69) |
|
| Overweight (25–30) |
2144 (19) |
2278 (20) |
2464 (21) |
2471 (20) |
2137 (18) |
|
| Obese (≥30) |
1018 (9) |
1187 (10) |
1362 (11) |
1274 (10) |
888 (7) |
|
| Height (cm) – Mean (SD) |
162 (7) |
163 (7) |
164 (7) |
165 (7) |
165 (7) |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes/ Hypertension |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Neither |
9388 (82) |
9592 (83) |
10061 (84) |
10493 (86) |
10629 (89) |
<0.0001 |
| Diabetes only |
1444 (13) |
1270 (11) |
1188 (10) |
984 (8) |
729 (6) |
|
| Hypertension only |
463 (4) |
512 (4) |
563 (5) |
577 (5) |
538 (4) |
|
| Diabetes & hypertension |
149 (1) |
136 (1) |
141 (1) |
109 (1) |
73 (1) |
|
| Oligohydramnios |
308 (3) |
281 (2) |
264 (2) |
258 (2) |
272 (2) |
0.0345 |
| Placenta disorder | 238 (2) | 274 (2) | 239 (2) | 245 (2) | 255 (2) | 0.2528 |
Average income quintile ranges: quintile 1, $6,196–$24,444; quintile 2, $24,445–28,440; quintile 3, 28,441–$32,954; quintile 4, $32,987–$38,832; quintile 5, $38,838–$509,269. 2-sided p value is for chi squared test except for height, which is for analysis of variance (ANOVA).