Table 4.

Chemokines and cytokines from sera and splenic CD11b⁺ cells of mice infected with YopM⁺ and ΔyopM-1 Y. pestis^a.

	Cytokine/chemokine concentration, pg ml−1
Treatment	G-CSF	GM-CSF	TNFα	IL-1β	IL-6	CXCL1	IFNγ
Sera
Non-infected mice	452 ± 93	<160	10 ± 1	<160	<32	74 ± 18	20 ± 8
Mice infected 16 h
Parent Y. pestis	97,401 ± 27,167	<160	43 ± 5	<160	1341 ± 485	2087 ± 231	7291 ± 3042
ΔyopM-1 Y. pestis	111,939 ± 42,016	<160	48 ± 5	<160	2476 ± 413	2351 ± 869	6876 ± 1326
CD11b+ CELLS
Non-infected mice	<3	<16	38 ± 19	<16	33 ± 3	7 ± 2	<3
Mice infected 1 h
Parent Y. pestis	10 ± 3c	<16	149 ± 139c	<16	–b	19 ± 14c	<3
ΔyopM-1 Y. pestis	–b	<16	53 ± 65	<16	–b	8 ± 4c	<3
Mice infected 16 h
Parent Y. pestis	–b	22 ± 2c	27 ± 27	48 ± 22	150 ± 155	23 ± 12	1712 ± 1040
ΔyopM-1 Y. pestis	–b	<16	373 ± 519	48 ± 16*	1076 ± 1478	41 ± 25	650 ± 249*
	CCL5	CXCL9	CXCL10	CXCL2	VEGF	IL-10	IL-17
SERA
Non-infected Mice	54 ± 4	410 ± 53	220 ± 14	<800	<6	<32	8 ± 0
Mice infected 16 h
Parent Y. pestis	80 ± 35	76,612 ± 3276	3116 ± 186	1151 ± 281c	28 ± 10	–b	11 ± 6
ΔyopM-1 Y. pestis	88 ± 16	50,585 ± 14,345	3709 ± 215**	969 ± 86c	23 ± 0c	<32	15 ± 2
CD11b+ CELLS
Non-infected mice	123 ± 73	335 ± 256	391 ± 225	–b	<3	–b	<3
Mice infected 1 h
Parent Y. pestis	49 ± 25	168 ± 63	235 ± 156	–b	<3	<3	<3
Δ yopM-1 Y. pestis	35 ± 8	117 ± 14	217 ± 85	–b	<3	<3	<3
Mice infected 16 h
Parent Y. pestis	31 ± 16	1609 ± 868	1112 ± 660	<80	<3	<3	–b
ΔyopM-1 Y. pestis	74 ± 82	4373 ± 2751	2127 ± 1521	–b	<3	–b	7 ± 4c
	IL-4	IL-12(p40)	IL-12(p70)	IL-15	Eotaxin	CXCL5	CCL2	M-CSF
SERA
Non-infected mice	9 ± 1c	<32	139 ± 32	<32	568 ± 47	7994 ± 631	76 ± 5	8 ± 2
Parent Y. pestis	–b	86 ± 28	267 ± 142	942 ± 1188	1584 ± 47	7660 ± 450	2047 ± 237	44 ± 10c
ΔyopM-1 Y. pestis	–b	81 ± 13c	262 ± 19	54 ± 19c	1537 ± 154	7756 ± 536	1804 ± 245	37 ± 4
CD11b+ cellsd	<3	<16	<3	<16	<3	<400	<16	<3

^a<signifies that data from all three experiments were below the detection limit. Other values without a superscript are average ± SD based on data that were above the detection limit in all three experiments.

^b–denotes that there was only one response above the detection limit; the other two experiments returned data that were below the detection limit.

^cAverage ± the range from two experiments; the third experiment returned data that were below the detection limit.

^dCD11b⁺ cells from all treatment groups returned responses below the detection limit for this set of genes, with the exception of mice infected for 16 h with parent Y. pestis, for which a single experiment returned a value of 670 pg ml⁻¹ for CXCL5.

^*Significantly greater than the response from CD11b⁺ cells from non-infected mice (P < 0.05).

^**Data from mice infected with the two Y. pestis strains differed significantly at P < 0.05.