Recombinant first extracellular domain of Schistosoma mansoni tetraspanning orphan receptor (rSmTORed1) complete Freund's adjuvant/incomplete Freund's adjuvant (CFA/IFA)-induced antibody response in BALB/c mice (a) after immunization only, and (b–d) after immunization followed by a challenge with S. mansoni infection. (a) Total immunoglobulin (Ig) amounts in sera of individual BALB/c mice immunized with rSmTORed1/CFA/IFA (antigen, ag; n = 10) and the control groups injected with inclusion bodies/CFA/IFA (i. bodies; n = 5) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/CFA/IFA (PBS; n = 5) measured in sera pre-immunization (day −7) and after the first boost (day 35). Sera for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay were diluted 1:25 600 as determined by end-point titrations. Statistical analyses used were: Student's t-test to compare titre at days −7 and 35 and one-way analysis of variance (anova) to compare titres at day 35; n.s.: statistically not significant; statistically significant *(P < 0·05), **(P < 0·01), ***(P < 0·001). (b–d) Total Ig (b), IgG (c) and IgE (d) amounts in sera of individual BALB/c mice immunized with rSmTORed1/CFA/IFA (antigen, ag; n = 10) and the control groups injected with inclusion bodies/CFA/IFA (i. bodies; n = 10) or PBS/CFA/IFA (PBS; n = 10) all infected with S. mansoni cercariae at day 55. Sera were sampled at days −7, 35 and 107 and measured at serum dilutions of 1:25 600 (total Ig), 1:12 800 (IgG) and 1:1600 (IgE). Arrows indicate injections at days 0 (prime), 21 (boost 1) and 42 (boost 2).