Table 1.

International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)

Level or domain	Body Structure/function	↔ Activity ↔	Participation
What change in outcome is measured?	Improvement (or impairment), ie, neurological or physiological	Functional capacity (or limitation)	Quality of life (or restriction)
Outcome tools (examples)	Motor levels, electrophysiology	SCIM, FIM	SF-36, CHART
What factors influence outcomes within each domain?	CNS integrity Neural circuits(sensory/motor)	CNS integrity Neural circuits Adaptive behaviors Rehabilitation Psychology Mobility	CNS integrity Neural circuits Adaptive behaviors Rehabilitation Psychology Mobility Community/family support Finances Work/school
Continually increasing number of independent variables →

Note: SCIM = Spinal Cord Independence Measure; FIM = Functional Independence Measure; SF-36 = Short Form Health Survey; CHART = Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique; CNS = central nervous system.