TABLE 3—

Parameter Estimates for Change in Systolic Blood Pressure for Each Doubling of Blood Lead by Race and Educational Attainment, Stratified by Gender: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2001–2008

	Men (n = 5631)			Women (n = 5362)
Characteristic	White, b (SE)	Black, b (SE)	Black-White Difference, P	White, b (SE)	Black, b (SE)	Black-White Difference, P
Education
< high school	0.3 (1.3)	4.1** (1.3)	< .05	1.0 (1.6)	6.7** ±2.1	< .01
≥ high school	0.3 (1.3)	2.2* (1.0)		0.3 (1.1)	2.9 ±1.6
Family poverty
Poor	0.6 (0.9)	4.8*** (0.3)	<.01	0.7 (0.9)	4.3** ±1.5	< .05
Nonpoor	0.3 (0.7)	0.4 (0.9)		1.1 (0.8)	3.7* ±1.9

Note: All results were weighted to account for complex survey design. Models were adjusted for age, age², hematocrit, body mass index, heavy alcohol use, smoking status (never, former, current), and diabetes diagnosis, antihypertensive medication use, and dietary intake of sodium, calcium, and potassium. Models that included education in the interaction were also controlled for poverty income ratio according to US Census Bureau; models that included poverty income ratio in the interaction were also controlled for education. Cell sample sizes are as follows: Black men, < high school, 481; Black men,  ≥ high school, 1008; White men, < high school, 740; White men, ≥ high school, 3402; Black women, < high school, 432; Black women, ≥ high school, 1039; White women, < high school, 616; White women, ≥ high school, 3275. Parameter estimates reported are from the following equation (See text for details):

Blood pressure = b₀ + b₁(Black race) + b₂(low SES) + b₃(blood lead) + b₄(Black race*blood lead) + b₅(low SES*blood lead) + b₆(Black race* < high school) + b₇(Black race*low SES*blood lead) + b_8-n(covariates).

White, low SES = b₃ + b₅.

White, high SES = b₃.

Black, low SES = b₃ + b₄ + b₅ + b₇.

Black, high SES = b₃ + b₄.

*P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001. Statistical test for difference of parameter estimate from zero.